Basic 3 もくじ
50. 現在完了形
51. 現在完了形
52. 現在完了形
53. 付加疑問文
54. 間接疑問文
55. 不定詞 No 2
56. 不定詞 No 3
57. 現在分詞・過去分詞
58. 現在分詞・過去分詞・動名詞
59. 関係代名詞
60. 関係代名詞
61. 関係代名詞
62. 関係代名詞
63-1. 動詞の諸相 1
63-2. 動詞の諸相 2
64. 原形不定詞 make have let help
65. 現在完了進行形
66. tell/ask/want+人+不定詞
67. 「疑問詞＋to不定詞」
68. 「too+形容詞・副詞+to不定詞」「形容詞・副詞+enough+to不定詞」
69. 「It is for 人 to 構文」
50) 現在完了形 ： 形式は 「Have/Has+過去分詞」
意味は4種類
① 完了「～してしまった」
② 結果「過去に～した結果、いま～だ」
③ 経験「～したことがある」
④ 継続「ずっと～している」
次の現在完了形の文を、①～④のどれに相当するか意識して日本語になおしなさい。
1. She has just cleaned the room.
彼女はたった今部屋の掃除をしたばかりです。
2. He has worked in this office for two years.
彼はこの会社で2年間働いています。
3. I have climbed Mt. Fuji twice.
私は富士山に2度登ったことがある。
4. I've wanted to see you for a long time.
私はずいぶん前からあなたに会いたいと思っていました。
5. We have just eaten dinner.
私達はたった今夕食を食べおえました。
6. They have been in Tokyo for two weeks.
彼らは東京に来て2週間になる。
7. I have never talked with Mr.Smith.
私はスミス氏と話したことがありません。
8. My father has gone to London.
父はロンドンへ行ってしまった。
9. It has been fine since last week.
先週からずっと快晴です。
10. We have never visited Kyoto.
私達は京都へ行ったことがありません。
11. I have never seen the Tokyo Tower.
私は東京タワーを見たことがありません。
12. He has not washed the car yet.
彼は車をまだ洗い終わっていません。
13. I have been to the hospital to see her.
私は彼女をお見舞いするために病院へ行ったところです。
14. I have known him for ten years.
私は彼を10年前からずっと知っています。
15. They haven't arrived yet.
彼らはまだ着いていません。
16. I have been to America three times.
私はアメリカへ3度行ったことがあります。
17. They have lived in Nagasaki for ten years.
彼らは10年前から長崎に住んでいます。
18. She has not finished her homework yet.
彼女は宿題をまだ終えていません。
19. I have lost my camera.
私はカメラをなくしてしまいました。
20. I have visited the museum before.
私はこれまでに博物館へ行ったことがあります。
21. Has she been ill since last week ?
彼女は先週から病気ですか。
22. Have you ever seen a white lion ?
あなたは白いライオンを見たことがありますか。
23. Has your father been busy this week ?
あなたのお父さんは今週ずっと忙しかったですか。
24. Have you ever read this book ?
あなたはかつてこの本を読んだことがありますか。
25. Have you written the letter yet ?
あなたはもう手紙を書きおえましたか。
26. Has she lived in Canada for a long time ?
彼女は長い間カナダに住んでいますか。
27. How long have you known him ?
彼と知り合ってどれくらいですか。
28. How often have you been to Kyoto ?
あなたは京都へ何度行ったことがありますか。
29. How long have you been in Nagasaki ?
長崎に来てどれくらいになりますか。
30. Where have you worked these two years ?
あなたはこの2年間どこで働いていましたか。
31. Why has your sister been absent for a week ?
どうしてあなたの妹は1週間お休みしているのですか。
32. How have your parents been ?
あなたの両親はどうしていらっしゃいますか。
51) 現在完了形を作るHave・Hasは助動詞です。したがって、否定文・疑問文に書き換える場合には、助動詞を含む文として取り扱います。次の文を( )内に与えられた語 も使って「Have/Has+過去分詞」の形に整え、現在完了形の文に言い換えなさい。
1. They eat their lunch. (just)
They have just eaten their lunch.
2. She is sick. (since last week)
She has been sick since last week.
3. It is very fine. (this week)
It has been very fine this week.
4. I listen to the CD. (often)
I have often listened to the CD.
5. I want to buy the book. (for a long time)
I have wanted to buy the book for a long time.
6. I finished the work. (already)
I have already finished the work.
7. She went to Nara. (many times)
She has been [gone] to Nara many times.
8. I saw a white lion. (before)
I have seen a white lion before.
9. He lives in Tokyo. (for two years)
He has lived in Tokyo for two years.
10. She made a pretty doll. (just)
She has just made a pretty doll.
11. We visited Okinawa. (often)
We have often visited Okinawa.
12. They know each other. (since last summer)
They have known each other since last summer.
13. My father left for the office. (already)
My father has already left for the office.
14. My parents are away on vacation. (since last Monday)
My parents have been away on vacation since last Monday.
15. Mr.Green is not here. (for two months)
Mr.Green hasn't been here for two months.
16. I didn't finish the work. (yet)
I haven't finished the work yet.
17. He didn't climb Mt. Fuji. (never)
He has never climbed Mt. Fuji.
18. We didn't see her. (for a long time)
We haven't seen her for a long time.
19. She doesn't clean the room. (yet)
She hasn't cleaned the room yet.
20. I don't study French. (never)
I have never studied French.
21. I didn't read the book. (never)
I have never read the book.
22. I am not well. (since yesterday)
I haven't been well since yesterday.
23. Did you wash the dishes ? (yet)
Have you washed the dishes yet?
24. Did you see a panda ? (ever)
Have you ever seen a panda?
25. Do you know her ? (since 1970)
Have you known her since 1970?
26. Did you lose your watch ?
Have you lost your watch?
27. Did she become a nurse ?
Has she become a nurse?
28. Who broke the vase ?
Who has broken the vase?
29. How long was she sick ?
How long has she been sick?
30. What did you study ?
What have you studied?
31. How often did you see him ?
How often have you seen him?
32. How are you ?
How have you been?
52) 現在完了形は「現在+過去」、すなわち現在のことと過去のことを1つの文で表現します。その点を考慮しながら、次の各組の文がほぼ同じ意味にな るように( )に適当な語を1語入れなさい。
It was fine this morning, and it is
fine now. It ( ) ( ) fine ( ) this morning.
(has) (been) (since)
They came to Japan two years ago. They
are still in Japan. They ( ) ( ) in Japan ( ) two years.
(have) (been) (for)
I began to use this pen a year ago. I
use it now.I ( ) ( ) this pen ( )last year.
(have) (used) (since)
Our teacher went to Paris. He is still
there.Our teacher ( ) ( ) to Paris.
(has) (gone)
My father became sick two days ago. He
is still sick.My father ( ) ( ) sick ( ) two days.
(has) (been) (for)
We knew each other five years ago. We
know each other now. We ( ) ( ) each other ( ) five
years.
(have) (known) (for)
My brother lost his camera. He doesn't
have it now.My brother ( ) ( ) his camera.
(has) (lost)
It began to rain last night. It is
still rainy now. It ( ) ( ) rainy ( )last night.
(has) (been) (since)
We began to study English three years
ago. We study it now.We ( ) ( ) English ( ) three years.
(have) (studied) (for)
My father came back from Africa. He is
here now.My father ( ) ( ) back from Africa.
(has) (come)
53） 付加疑問文は疑問文の作り方と同じ要領で、①Be動詞の文にはBe動詞、②一般動詞の文にはdo [does/did]、③助動詞を含む文には助動詞を文末に付け加えます。肯定文では否定の、否定文では肯定の付加疑問(短縮形)になり、文末も名詞ではなく代名詞にしま す。次の付加疑問文を完成しなさい。
1. You are very happy, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
aren't you
2. Tom is very kind to children, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
isn't he
3. They are Americans, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
aren't they
4. You aren't busy today, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
are you
5. Those CDs aren't interesting, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
are they
6. You work very hard, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
don't you
7. Lucy has pretty dolls, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
doesn't she
8. Mike and Tom love little animals, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
don't they
9. You don't listen to the radio, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
do you
10. Mike doesn't swim, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
does he
11. My mother was sick last week, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
wasn't she
12. These books were very difficult, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
weren't they
13. You weren't at home yesterday, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
were you
14. Your father drove the car, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
didn't he
15. Mr.Miller wrote this letter, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
didn't he
16. My mother didn't play the violin, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
did she
17. His sister didn't write the letter, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
did she
18. Tom was swimming in the pool, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
wasn't he
19. This room was cleaned by her, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
wasn't it
20. The car wasn't washed by the boys, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
was it
21. You have lost your watch, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
haven't you
22. Your brother has never been to Europe, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
has he
23. You have to wash the dishes, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
don't you
24. They weren't looking at the picture, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ?
were they
25. His sister can speak English very well, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
can't she
26. You will go on a picnic tomorrow, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
won't you
27. We must not open the window now, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
must we
28. Study English every day, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
will you
29. Let's play tennis after school, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
shall we
30. There are some boys in the pool, ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ？
aren't there
54） 疑問詞のある疑問文が、I (don't) knowなどに続けられると、疑問文の中の主語と動詞の語順が平叙文の語順にもどります。ただし主語をたずねる疑問文の場合は、もともと語順は移動していないので、そのま まです。次の間接疑問文を完成しなさい。
1. Who is he ? I don't know ________________________ .
who he is
2. Where does he live ? Do you know ________________________ ?
where he lives
3. What do you want ? I know ________________________ .
what you want
4. What is he reading ? I don't know ________________________ .
what he is reading
5. Who is in the room ? Do you know ________________________ ?
who is in the room
6. Where has she gone ? I wonder ________________________ .
where she has gone
7. Where was he born ? I don't know ________________________ .
where he was born
8. Where can I get it ? Please tell me ________________________ .
where I can get it
9. How long has she been sick ? I don't know ________________________ .
how long she has been sick
10. When will he go to Europe ? Do you know ________________________ ?
when he will go to Europe
11. Who teaches English ? Tell me ________________________ .
who teaches English
12. What did you see there ? She knows ________________________ .
what you saw there
13. What do you want to be ? I know ________________________ .
what you want to be
14. What is he going to make ? I don't know ________________________ .
what he is going to make
15. How far is it from here to the station ? Please tell me ______________________ .
how far it is from here to the station
55) 不定詞の公式→ ①名詞的用法 ②形容詞的用法 ③副詞的用法 ④疑問詞+不定詞 ⑤tell/ask/want+人+不定詞 ⑥too+形容詞・副詞+不定詞 ⑦形容詞・副詞+enough+不定詞を参考に、次の文を日本語になおしなさい。
1. I want you to bring the man here.
私はあなたにその男の人をここへ連れてきてもらいたい。
2. She has a lot of things to do today.
彼女は今日することがたくさんあります。
3. Jane asked me to help her.
ジェーンは私に彼女を手伝うように頼みました。
4. I went to the park to draw a picture.
私は絵を描くために公園へ行きました。
5. My mother told me to go to the hospital.
母は私に病院へ行くように言いました。
6. You must come home to help your mother.
あなたはお母さんの手伝いをするために家に帰って来なければなりません。
7. I want some friends to talk with.
私は話をするための友達が何人か欲しい。
8. I'm very glad to hear your good news.
私はあなたの良い知らせを聞いて大変嬉しい。
9. I told him not to make a noise.
私は彼に騒がないように言いました。
10. The man was too poor to buy a watch.
その男はとても貧乏で時計を買えませんでした。
11. They asked her to play the piano.
彼らは彼女にピアノを弾いてくれるように頼みました。
12. It was difficult for me to answer the question.
その問題に答えるのは私にとって難しかった。
13. I was told to do my homework at once.
私はすぐに宿題をするように言われました。
14. I opened the window to get some fresh air.
私は少しきれいな空気を取り入れるために窓を開けました。
15. Please tell me when to visit him.
どうかいつ彼を訪問すればよいか教えて下さい。
16. She asked me to buy a Christmas present.
彼女は私にクリスマスプレゼントを買ってくれるように頼みました。
17. It was too dark for us to play baseball.
とても暗かったので私達は野球ができませんでした。
18. They tried to help the old woman.
彼らはその老婦人を助けようと努めた。
19. I was too busy to write a letter to him.
私は忙しすぎたので彼に手紙を書けませんでした。
20. He wanted his daughter to be a pianist.
彼は娘にピアニストになって欲しいと思いました。
21. I have no CDs to listen to.
私は聞く(ための)CDは持っていません。
22. It was warm enough for us to swim.
私達が泳げるほど暖かった。
23. My mother asked me to go to the store.
お母さんは私に店に行ってくれるように頼みました。
24. The man told us not to play there.
その男の人が私達にそこで遊ばないように言いました。
25. He was surprised to hear the news.
彼はそのニュースを聞いて驚きました。
26. I stopped to talk to the child.
私はその子供に話しかけるために立ち止まりました。
27. He told me not to be late again.
彼は私に2度と遅れないようにと言いました。
28. Do you know which book to read ?
どちらの本を読めばよいかあなたは分かりますか。
29. I don't want you to sleep here.
私はあなたにここで眠って欲しくない。
30. It was easy for him to read the book.
その本を読むことは彼にとって簡単でした。
31. There were no chairs to sit on in the hall.
ホールには座るための椅子が1つもありませんでした。
32. He wanted to go to the hospital to visit his sister.
彼は妹を見舞うために病院へ行きたかった。
56) 「so～that～not」の表現は、「too～to+動詞の原形」に書き換えることができます。次の文を 「too～to+動詞の原形」に言い換えなさい。
1. My brother was so tired that he could not work.
My brother was too tired to work.
2. Your sister is so young that she can't go to school.
Your sister is too young to go to school.
3. I'm so busy that I can't go fishing with you.
I'm too busy to go fishing with you.
4. You are so old that you can't work here.
You are too old to work here.
5. He was so angry that he couldn't speak slowly.
He was too angry to speak slowly.
6. We were so late that we couldn't see the baseball game.
We were too late to see the baseball game.
7. You are so young that you can't drive a car.
You are too young to drive a car.
8. They were so poor that they couldn't buy their food.
They were too poor to buy their food.
56) 「so～that～not」の表現は、「too～to+動詞の原形」に書き換えることができま す。次の文を「so～that～not」に言い換えなさい。
9. We are too busy to watch TV.
We are so busy that we can't watch TV.
10. The boy is too young to play soccer with us.
The boy is so young that he can't play soccer with us.
11. Our teacher is too old to run very fast.
Our teacher is so old that he [she] can't run very fast.
12. The students were too poor to get their textbooks.
The students were so poor that they couldn't get their textbooks.
13. We were too tired to walk any more.
We were so tired that we couldn't walk any more.
14. They were too late to catch the first train.
They were so late that they couldn't catch the first train.
15. They were too busy to enjoy swimming.
They were so busy that they couldn't enjoy swimming.
57) 分詞には名詞を修飾する機能があります。分詞だけで修飾する時には名詞の直前に位置し、分詞が他の語句を伴って修飾する時には名詞の直後に位置します。現在分詞は進行・能動を意味し、過去分詞は受動を意味します。
次の2文を分詞を用いて1文に書き換えなさい。
1. I know the girls. / They are singing.
I know the singing girls.
2. The girl is Lucy. / She is talking with Tom.
The girl talking with Tom is Lucy.
3. Look at the window. / It is broken.
Look at the broken window.
4. Can you read this book? / It is written in English.
Can you read this book written in English?
5. The man is Mr.Smith. / He is riding a horse over there.
The man riding a horse over there is Mr.Smith.
6. Are you going to buy that house? / It was built by him.
Are you going to buy that house built by him?
7. The lady is my aunt. / She is playing the piano.
The lady playing the piano is my aunt.
8. This book is very interesting. / It was written by Mr.Brown.
This book written by Mr.Brown is very interesting.
9. I saw a dog on my way to school. / It was injured.
I saw an injured dog on my way to school.
10. Do you know the boy? / He is swimming in the pool.
Do you know the boy swimming in the pool?
11. Who is that girl? / She is crying.
Who is that crying girl?
12. This is a camera. / It was made in Germany.
This is a camera made in Germany.
13. These stamps are very interesting. / They were given to me by my brother.
These stamps given to me by my brother are very interesting.
14. The man is my uncle. / He is cutting down the trees.
The man cutting down the trees is my uncle.
15. Please show me the doll, / It was sent by your aunt.
Please show me the doll sent by your aunt.
58) 用法に注意して、次の文を日本語になおしなさい。
～ingの用法 → ①進行形 ②名詞を修飾 ③go～ing ④動名詞
過去分詞の用法 → ①受動態 ②現在完了形 ③名詞を修飾
1. Jane is playing the piano in the room.
ジェーンは部屋でピアノを弾いている。
2. I know the girl skiing over there.
私はむこうでスキーをしている少女を知っています。
3. This is the house built by Mr.Green.
これはグリーン氏によって建てられた家です。
4. Do you know the girls singing in the park ?
あなたは公園で歌っている少女達を知っていますか。
5. The doll made by Jane is on the piano.
ジェーンによって作られた人形はピアノの上にあります。
6. The doll on the piano was made by Jane.
ピアノの上にある人形はジェーンによって作られました。
7. The woman singing by the organ is my aunt.
オルガンのそばで歌っている婦人は私の伯母です。
8. Did you enjoy watching the game ?
あなたはその試合を見て楽しみましたか。
9. Let's go skating next Sunday.
次の日曜日にスケートに行きましょう。
10. The running boys are my friends.
走っている少年達は私の友達です。
11. I know the girl playing the piano there.
私はそこでピアノを弾いている少女を知っています。
12. Mary is good at playing the piano.
メアリーはピアノを弾くのが得意です。
13. I like the bag given to me by my aunt.
私は伯母さんからもらったバッグが好きです。
14. We enjoyed walking along the river.
私達は川沿いを楽しく歩きました。
15. Do you know the boy walking along the river ?
あなたは川沿いを歩いている少年を知っていますか。
16. French and English are spoken in Canada.
フランス語と英語がカナダで話されています。
17. Have you seen the pictures taken by her ?
あなたは彼女によって撮られた写真を見ましたか。
18. They were just going out of the room.
彼らはちょうど部屋を出て行くところでした。
19. I am fond of skiing very much.
私はスキーをするのがとても好きです。
20. I have visited London very often.
私はロンドンを何度も訪問したことがあります。
21. That dancing girl is my sister.
あの踊っている少女は私の妹です。
22. This broken watch is my brother's.
この壊れた時計は私の兄のものです。
23. He went fishing last Sunday.
彼は先週の日曜日に魚釣りに行きました。
24. You have to stop watching television.
あなたはテレビを見るのをやめなければならない。
25. These are coats made in England.
これらはイギリスで作られたコートです。
26. He got much money by selling cars.
彼は車を売ってお金をたくさんもうけた。
27. The boy standing by the gate is my brother.
門のそばに立っている少年は私の弟です。
28. Who is that crying girl?
あの泣いている少女は誰ですか。
29. The lady sitting there is my teacher.
そこに座っている婦人は私の先生です。
30. He went out without taking an umbrella.
彼は傘をもたずに出て行きました。
31. That woman talking to Tom is Australian.
トムに話かけている婦人はオーストラリア人です。
32. This room is going to be painted next week.
この部屋は来週ペンキを塗られることになっています。
59) 関係代名詞によって導かれる関係詞節は、先行詞となる名詞を後方から修飾します。関係詞節は文中のどの部分であり、先行詞はどの語なのか確かめ ながら、次の文を日本語になおしなさい。
1. I have some friends who live in Tokyo.
私は東京に住んでいる友達が数人います。
2. I have a dog which jumps very high.
私はとても高くジャンプする犬を飼っています。
3. Jane is a kind girl whom everyone loves.
ジヱーンはみんなから好かれる親切な少女です。
4. This is the house which they built.
あれは彼らが建てた家です。
5. I have a doll which is very pretty.
私はとてもかわいい人形を持っています。
6. There is a young lady who wants to see you.
あなたに会いたがっている若い婦人がいます。
7. That is the hotel which I'm staying at.
あれが私が泊まっているホテルです。
8. Look at the bus which has just arrived.
たった今着いたばかりのバスを見なさい。
9. The boy who is running there is Bill.
あそこを走っている少年はビルです。
10. He has a camera which is better than mine.
彼は私のより上等なカメラを持っています。
11. Please show me the book which you read last night.
昨夜あなたが読んだ本を見せて下さい。
12. The lady whom you met at the store is my aunt.
あなたが店で会った婦人は私の伯母です。
13. This is the camera which I bought last week.
これは私が先週買ったカメラです。
14. The boy who is playing the guitar upstairs is my brother.
上の階でギターを弾いている少年は私の弟です。
15. The pictures which they took last Sunday are very nice.
この前の日曜日に彼らが撮った写真はとてもすばらしい。
16. She is a pianist whose name is known all over the country.
彼女は名前が全国に知られているピアニストです。
17. Do you have a friend who is a member of the swimming club ?
あなたには水泳部員の友達がいますか。
18. The letter which she wrote last night was very long.
彼女が昨夜書いた手紙はとても長かった。
19. He is a musician whom most of the boys like very much.
彼はたいていの少年達からとても好かれている音楽家です。
20. I have a friend whose uncle has lived in London for five years.
私にはその伯父さんが5年間ロンドンに住んでいる友達がいます。
21. The dictionary which I bought yesterday was very expensive.
私が昨日買った辞書はとても高かった。
22. Do you know the boy whose father came here yesterday ?
あなたは昨日そのお父さんがここへ来た男の子を知っていますか。
23. The house which stands near the river is Mr.Brown's.
川の近くに立っているその家はブラウン氏の家です。
24. This is the lake which we often swim in every summer.
これは私達が毎年夏にしばしば泳いでいる湖です。
25. That is the tallest building that I have ever seen.
あれは私が今までに見たうちでも最も高い建物です。
26. An American whose wife is Japanese is coming to see us.
その妻が日本人であるアメリカ人が私達に会いに来ます。
27. This is a story which is read by many boys and girls.
これが多くの少年少女に読まれている物語です。
28. The students who are singing on the stage are my friends.
ステージで歌っている生徒達は私の友達です。
29. I know that lady whom my mother is talking with.
母が話をしているあの婦人を私は知っています。
30. Mike is a kind boy whose mother is a nurse.
マイクはその母親が看護婦をしている親切な少年です。
31. I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.
不幸な終わりかたをする物語は私は好きではありません。
32. The museum which we wanted to visit was closed when we got there.
私達が訪れたかった博物館は私達がそこに着いたとき閉まっていました。
60) 関係代名詞を用いて2文を1文にする順序：① ２文に共通する名詞をandで結び「名詞 + and + (代)名詞」の形を作ります。②「and + (代)名詞」の部分を関係代名詞に置き換えます。③先行詞が人ならWho/Whose/Whom、物ならWhich/Whose/Whichの中から(代)名詞の格によっ て選びます。次の２文を関係代名詞を用いて1文にしなさい。
1. Did you read the letter ? / I put it on your desk.
Did you read the letter (which) I put on your desk?
2. My uncle has a large house. / It has a fine garden.
My uncle has a large house which has a fine garden.
3. I know some students. / They can speak English well.
I know some students who can speak English well.
4. Paris is a beautiful city. / It has a lot of old churches.
Paris is a beautiful city which has a lot of old churches.
5. I have a friend. / His sister is a good pianist.
I have a friend whose sister is a good pianist.
6. That is the old man. / I met him at the station yesterday.
That is the old man (whom) I met at the station yesterday.
7. This is the watch. / My father bought it for me.
This is the watch (which) my father bought for me.
8. I want to go to a lake. / It is very large.
I want to go to a lake which is very large.
9. Betty is a kind girl. / She is loved by everyone.
Betty is a kind girl who is loved by everyone.
10. The man is my father. / He is playing tennis over there.
The man who is playing tennis over there is my father.
11. I know an English boy. / His mother is Japanese.
I know an English boy whose mother is Japanese.
12. The boy is John. / We met him last night.
The boy whom we met last night is John.
13. London is a city. / I want to visit it some day.
London is a city (which) I want to visit some day.
14. That girl is my sister. / Her hair is very long.
That girl whose hair is very long is my sister.
15. That is the river. / We often swim in it.
That is the river (which) we often swim in.
16. Is this the CD ? / He is looking for it.
Is this the CD (which) he is looking for?
17. The boy is my brother. / He is riding a horse over there.
The boy who is riding a horse over there is my brother.
18. This is my friend. / His mother is a nurse of that hospital.
This is my friend whose mother is a nurse of that hospital.
19. Tokyo is a big city. / It has a lot of tall buildings.
Tokyo is a big city which has a lot of tall buildings.
20. Please show me the pictures. / You took them in Kyoto.
Please show me the pictures (which) you took in Kyoto.
21. The girl is Nancy. / I like her best in our class.
The girl (whom) I like best in our class is Nancy.
22. Is this a camera ? / It was made in Germany.
Is this a camera which was made in Germany?
23. The book was very interesting. / Mike bought it.
The book (which) Mike bought was very interesting.
24. Is that the cat ? / Dick gave it to you.
Is that the cat (which) Dick gave to you?
25. I have a friend. / His sister is a good singer.
I have a friend whose sister is a good singer.
26. This doll is Jane's. / It is very pretty.
This doll which is very pretty is Jane's.
27. The book is very easy. / It is on my desk.
The book which is on my desk is very easy.
28. I am looking for a boy. / He can play the guitar very well.
I am looking for a boy who can play the guitar very well.
29. This is the CD. / My brother bought it last week.
This is the CD (which) my brother bought last week.
30. The man is Mr.Smith. / I met him in the park yesterday.
The man (whom) I met in the park yesterday is Mr.Smith.
31. Who is that man ? / He is talking with our teacher.
Who is that man who is talking with our teacher?
32. Where are the eggs ? / They were on the table.
Where are the eggs which were on the table?
61) 空所に入れる適当な関係代名詞を決定するには、①関係詞節を〔 〕でくくり、②関係詞節の中で不足しているものを、主語,目的語・所有格の中 から選びます。次の ( )の中に適当な関係代名詞を入れなさい。
1. I have a doll ( ) is prettier than yours.
which
2. Dick has some friends ( ) can ski very well.
who
3. Mary is a kind girl ( ) everyone likes.
whom
4. The boy ( ) is playing the violin is my brother.
who
5. I met a girl ( ) hair was very long.
whose
6. The language ( ) is spoken there is French.
which
7. Do you have a friend ( ) mother is a teacher'?
whose
8. That is the church ( ) we go to every Sunday.
which
9. A girl ( ) name was Betty told me the way to the hospital.
whose
10. The student ( ) can speak English the best is Mr.Tanaka.
who
11. I have a big English dictionary ( ) was made in America.
which
12. You can see some children ( ) are running around, can't you ?
who
13. This is the letter ( ) I wrote last night.
which
14. I know some students ( ) can speak French well.
who
15. The CD ( ) she bought yesterday was very interesting.
which
16. The Seine is a river ( ) runs through Paris.
which
17. I have an animal( ) I love very much.
which
18. I know a man ( ) son is a painter.
whose
19. This is the pen ( ) my father gave to me.
which
20. That doll( )has blue eyes is Nancy's.
which
21. I live in a house ( ) stands on a hill.
which
22. The man ( ) he met last week is Mr.Green.
whom
23. I met a man ( )name was Robert Brown.
whose
24. This is the river ( ) we swim in.
which
25. The boy ( ) is riding a horse is my friend.
who
26. Do you know the girl ( ) is talking with Fred ?
who
27. Did you see the baseball game ( ) was played last night ?
which
28. He is looking for a girl( ) will dance with him.
who
29. Do you know the house ( ) they live in ?
which
30. I visited a man ( ) house was very large.
whose
31. I visited a big church ( ) was very old.
which
32. I know a boy ( ) brother can speak Spanish.
whose
33. The man ( ) I met there was Mr.Smith.
whom
34. The boy ( ) Mary is playing tennis with is Tom.
whom
35. The lady ( ) we saw at the station was Miss Brown.
whom
36. Mike is a boy ( ) eyes are always bright.
whose
37. That boy ( ) is coming toward us is Mike.
who
38. That is a bridge ( ) was built long years ago.
which
39. Do you know those children （）are running?
who
40. An American ( ) son wants to study Japanese is coming.
whose
41. Please show me the magazines ( ）are on the table.
which
42. I like the girl ( ) is called Bess.
who
43. He keeps a bird ( ) sings very well.
which
44. This is a boy ( ) I teach English.
whom
45. I'll go by the first train ( ) starts at five.
that
46. Mr.Brown is the only man ( ) lives there.
that
47. Do you know the girl ( ) is singing on the stage ?
who
48. That lady is a pianist ( ) name is known to everyone.
whose
49. She enjoyed the cake ( ) was served with tea.
which
50. The man ( ) we met in the library is Tom's brother.
whom
51. Is this the watch ( ) you bought yesterday ?
which
52. I know a boy ( ) uncle is an engineer.
whose
53. That is the man ( ) teaches us music.
who
54. The dog ( ) was brought by Tom was very small.
which
55. The stories ( ) My mother told us last night are in this book.
which
56. There were a lot of women ( ) were shopping.
who
57. This is the letter ( ) Helen wrote last night.
which
58. Look at that train ( ) has just arrived.
which
59. That is our science teacher ( ) is very kind.
who
60. Where is the doll ( ) my uncle gave to me ?
which
61. A dictionary is a book ( ) gives you the meanings of words.
which
62. A man ( ) answered the phone told me you were out.
who
63. The stories ( ) Tom tells are usually very funny.
which
64. There was a young American ( ) liked adventure.
who
65. That dog ( ) ears are long is mine.
whose
66. The book ( ) he wrote was published at last.
which
62) 関係代名詞を用いて日本語を英語になおす時には、日本語では「関係詞節+先行詞」の語順になり、英語では「先行詞+関係詞節」の語順になること に注意しましょう。次の文を関係代名詞を用いて英語になおしなさい。
1. ボブが見つけた本はおもしろかった。
The book (which) Bob found was interesting.
2. 馬に乗っている少年は私の弟です。
The boy who is riding a horse is my brother.
3. その机の上の本はとてもやさしい。
The book which is on that desk is very easy.
4. 私は壁にかかっているあの絵が好きです。
I like that picture which is on the wall.
5. 私のおばが住んでいる家はあまり大きくありません。
The house (which) my aunt lives in is not very large.
6. 私は両親がロンドンに住んでいる少女を知っています。
I know a girl whose parents live in London.
7. 私が一番好きだった少女はヘレンでした。
The girl (whom) I liked (the) best was Helen.
8. きのうあなたが会った人はお医者さんですね。
The man (whom) you saw [met] yesterday was a doctor, wasn't he?
9. あなたはステージで歌っている少女たちを知っていますか。
Do you know the girls who are singing on the stage?
10. 私は長い耳を持った犬がほしい。
I want a dog which has long ears [whose ears are long].
11. これは彼らが住んでいる都市です。
This is the city (which) they live in.
12. 彼女には父がお医者さんである友人がいます。
She has a friend whose father is a doctor.
13. 彼が先週会ったその男の人はグリーンさんです。
The man (whom) he saw [met] last week is Mr.Green.
14. 私たちが公園で会った老人は80歳でした。
The old man (whom) we met [saw] in the park was eighty years old.
15. 昨夜私がテレビで見た試合はとてもおもしろかった。
The game (which) I saw on television was very interesting.
16. テニスをしている人が私の父です。
The man who is playing tennis is my father.
17. 丘の上にあるあの建物は私たちの学校です。
That building which is on the hill is our school.
18. 息子が先生になりたがっているその男の人は明夫のおじです。
The man whose son wants to be a teacher is Akio's uncle.
19. 彼が会いたがっているその女の人は私のおばです。
The lady (whom) he wants to see is my aunt.
20. 私はブラックさんという名前の紳士を知っています。
I know a gentleman whose name is Mr.Black.
21. 私は君が飼っている犬が好きです。
I like the dog (which) you keep.
22. 私はピアノを上手にひける少年をさがしています。
I'm looking for a boy who can play the piano well.
23. あれはあなたがなくした腕時計ですか。
Is that the watch (which) you (have) lost?
24. あなたが描いた絵はとてもすてきです。
The picture (which) you painted [drew] is very nice.
25. ボブはたいへん上手に泳げる少年ですか。
Is Bob a boy who can swim very well?
26. 私は自分の住んでいる町を愛しています。
I love the town (which) I live in.
27. 私にはおじが校長先生をしている友人がいます。
I have a friend whose uncle is a principal.
28. 彼はみんなが愛している良い医者です。
He is a good doctor (whom) everyone loves.
29. 私は私の父がくれた大きな辞書を持っています。
I have a big dictionary (which) my father gave to me.
30. 私たちが働いている建物はたいへん古い。
The building (which) we work in is very old.
31. 私の兄はアメリカ製の車を買いたがっている。
My brother wants to buy a car which is made in U.S.A.
32. この絵を描いた少年は彼の弟です。
The boy who painted [drew] this picture is his brother.
63-1) 動詞は用いられ方によって次の7つの形、すなわち ①原形 ②現在形 ③過去形 ④過去分詞 ⑤現在分詞 ⑥動名詞 ⑦不定詞に変化します。次の文の意味を考えながら、文末に与えられた動詞の適当な形を空所に入れなさい。
1. I ________ her in the park last week. (meet)
met
2. You had better ________ now. (leave)
leave
3. This doll was ________ to me by my aunt. (give)
given
4. My father can ________ both English and French. (speak)
speak
5. He wants ________ a nice present. (get)
to get
6. I have just ________ my homework. (do)
done
7. Is Mary ________ an American song now ? (sing)
singing
8. This is a house ________ by Mr.Brown. (build)
built
9. Please ________ kind to old people. (be)
be
10. They were ________ happily. (sing)
singing
11. I enjoyed ________ the baseball game very much. (watch)
watching
12. I want ________ this interesting book. (buy)
to buy
13. He ________ English every day. (study)
studie s
14. I got up early ________ my mother. (help)
to help
15. He said that he ________ your address. (know)
knew
16. My little brother is too young ________ to school. (go)
to go
17. We are going to go ________ next week. (ski)
skiing
18. I told them ________ English harder. (study)
to study
19. It began ________ when I got to the park. (rain)
to rain [raining]
20. That ________ dog is my uncle's. (run)
running
21. You must ________ up early tomorrow morning. (get)
get
22. Is this ________ watch yours ? (break)
broken
23. They are fond of ________ a horse. (ride)
riding
24. Please tell me when ________ . (start)
to start
25. Was she ________ the piano then ? (play)
playing
26. Let's ________ baseball after school. (play)
play
27. I was asked ________ the boys. (help)
to help
28. Do you have any interesting books ? (read)
to read
29. We are looking forward to ____ you. (see)
seeing
30. Do you know the boys ________ outside ? (play)
playing
31. He has ________ in Nagasaki since he was born. (live)
lived
32. There was no one ________ me. (help)
to help
33. The dog was ________ in the traffic accident. (kill)
killed
34. When he saw me, he stopped ________ to me. (speak)
to speak
35. If it ________ tomorrow, we will have to stay home. (rain)
rains
36. Who is that girl ________ over there ? (dance)
dancing
37. My mother always ________ up early in the morning. (get)
gets
38. Le's go ________ next Sunday. (skate)
skating
39. It's important ________ a lot of good books. (read)
to read
40. Nancy was ________ to the hospital. (take)
taken
41. Have you ever ________ Space World ? (see)
seen
42. ________ your mother, please. (help)
Help
43. I have a lot of homework ____ . (do)
to do
44. They were ________ tennis when I got there. (play)
playing
45. She didn't know what ________ . (do)
to do
46. I have finished ________ that book. (read)
reading
47. They will ________ a good time tomorrow. (have)
have
48. There were many pictures ________ in France. (take)
taken
49. They went to the library ____ history. (study)
to study
50. You had better not ________ in this river. (swim)
swim
63-2) 動詞は用いられ方によって次の7つの形、すなわち ①原形 ②現在形 ③過去形 ④過去分詞 ⑤現在分詞 ⑥動名詞 ⑦不定詞に変化します。次の文の意味を考えながら、文末に与えられた動詞の適当な形を空所に入れなさい。
51. I have ________ them since they were children. (know)
known
52. Don't ________ late for school again. (be)
be
53. I have never ________ to New York. (be)
been
54. He said that he ________ able to ride a horse. (be)
was
55. That girl is ________ Lucy. (call)
called
56. It's easy for me ________ this question. (answer)
to answer
57. This car will be ________ tomorrow. (wash)
washed
58. Tom ________ to church every Sunday. (go)
goes
59. The man ________ with Mr.Smith is my father. (talk)
talking
60. My grandfather is too old ____ . (work)
to work
61. Our teacher often tells us ____ quiet. (be)
to be
62. We will start as soon as he ____ . (come)
comes
63. You don't have ________ to bed now. (go)
to go
64. You ________ him at the station, didn't you ? (see)
saw
65. Do you know where she has ________ ? (go)
gone
66. He ran very fast ________ the bus. (catch)
to catch
67. My father has a nice watch ________ in Switzerland. (make)
made
68. Does Tom ________ English very much ? (like)
like
69. When I saw them, they stopped _______ . (talk)
talking
70. Has your sister ________ from France ? (come)
come
71. What is he ________ about ? (talk)
talking
72. Please lend me a pencil _______ with. (write)
to write
73. She was so kind that she _______ us. (help)
helped
74. They have ________ busy, haven't they ? (be)
been
75. Shall I ________ the room ? (clean)
clean
76. ________ tennis is a lot of fun. (play)
Playing [To play]
77. Try ________ more careful. (be)
to be
78. You should ________ that poor girl. (help)
help
79. She asked me ________ to the market. (go)
to go
80. That gentleman may ________ an American. (be)
be
81. I have no time ________ these books. (read)
to read
82. Let's ________ swimming in the pool. (go)
go
83. What is she going ________ ? (do)
to do
84. He taught me how ________ a car. (drive)
to drive
85. You must wash your hands before ________ lunch.(have)
having
86. She told us not ________ in the river. (swim)
to swim
87. His brother is good at ________ a car. (drive)
driving
88. ________ this report in a day is difficult. (finish)
To finish [Finishing]
89. We ________ in Nagoya two years ago. (live)
lived
90. I am ________ in collecting stamps. (interest)
interested
91. My father ________ home at eight every morning. (leave)
leaves
92. It is too cool for us _______ today.(swim)
to swim
93. We had to ________ there for two days. (stay)
stay
94. I went ________ with my sister last Sunday. (shop)
shopping
95. His name is ________ all over Japan. (know)
known
96. I went to the station ________ my friends off. (see)
to see
97. My father has ________ to America. (go)
gone
98. A lot of magazines are ________ in Japan. (publish)
published
99. What were they ________ at that time ? (do)
doing
100. How long have you ________ in this city ? (live)
lived
64) 原形不定詞 make・have・let・help
使役動詞 make, have, let の基本的な違いは、強制力の違い。
make が一番強制力が強く、 have → let の順に弱くなる。
1. make O 原形不定詞｜Oに～させる
2. have O 原形不定詞｜Oに～してもらう
3. let O 原形不定詞｜Oが～するのを許す
4. help O 原形不定詞｜Oに～を手伝ってもらう
「（目的語である）人」と「原形不定詞」の間には「主語−述語の関係」が成り立っている。
S make / O 原形不定詞｜Sがさせるよ Oが～するのを
S have / O 原形不定詞｜Sがしてもらうよ Oが～するのを
S let / O 原形不定詞｜Sは許すよ Oが～するのを
S help / O 原形不定詞｜Sが手伝うよ Oが～するのを
と動詞と目的語の間で一度区切り、前から順に意味をつかんでいくのがベスト
◆◆ 原形不定詞 make
1. My parents made me clean my room.
両親は私に部屋を掃除させました。2. The teacher made the students write an essay.
先生は生徒にエッセイを書かせました。3. The doctor made me take medicine.
医者は私に薬を飲ませました。4. My teacher makes us study every day.
私たちの先生は私たちに毎日勉強させます。
◆◆ 原形不定詞 have
1. I had him fix my bicycle.
私は彼に自転車を修理してもらった。2. She had him take care of her cat.
彼女は彼に猫の世話をしてもらった。3. I had her make a cake for me.
私は彼女にケーキを私のために作ってもらった。4. I had my son paint the house.
私は息子に家を塗ってもらった。5. I let him go home early.
私は彼に早く帰ることを許した
◆◆ 原形不定詞 let
1. She let me borrow her book.
彼女は私に本を借りることを許した2. They let us use their car.
彼らは私たちに車を使うことを許した3. The teacher let the students leave early.
先生は生徒たちに早く帰ることを許した4. My parents let me stay up late.
両親は私に遅くまで起きていることを許した
◆◆ 原形不定詞 help
1. She helped him carry the bags.
彼女は彼が荷物を運ぶのを手伝った2. They helped us find our way.
彼らは私たちが道を見つけるのを手伝った3. Can you help me find my keys?
鍵を探すのを手伝ってくれますか？4. He helped me fix my bike.
彼は私が自転車を修理するのを手伝った5. We can help each other learn.
私たちはお互いに学ぶのを助け合える6. She helped me understand the math problem.
彼女は私が数学の問題を理解するのを手伝った7. Can I help you carry those bags?
その荷物を運ぶのを手伝ってあげましょうか？8. She helped me learn how to play the piano.
彼女は私がピアノの弾き方を学ぶのを手伝った65) 現在完了進行形
現在完了進行形は、 have/has + been + 現在分詞（動詞 + -ing） の形をとる。
▼ 現在完了の＜継続＞「ずっと…している」と現在完了進行形「ずっと… し続けている」の違い
違いは用いられる動詞！
現在完了の＜継続＞は、「状態」が継続することを意味するので、状態動詞が用いられます。
状態動詞:be, feel, have, hear, know, like, love, think, want など
一方、現在完了進行形の＜継続＞は、「動作」の継続を表すので、動作動詞を用いて過去のあるときから今現在まで進行している動作を表す
1. I have been studying for the test.
私はテストのために勉強している2. She has been cooking dinner for an hour.
彼女は1時間夕食を作っている3. They have been playing soccer since 3 o'clock.
彼らは3時からサッカーをしている4. We have been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.
私たちは30分間バスを待っている5. She has been practicing the piano for two hours.
彼女は2時間ピアノを練習している6. I have been reading this book for a week.
私は1週間この本を読んでいる7. She has been talking on the phone for an hour.
彼女は1時間電話で話している8. I have been learning Spanish for a year.
私は1年間スペイン語を学んでいる9. They have been playing video games all afternoon.
彼らは午後中ずっとビデオゲームをしている10. We have been walking in the park for an hour.
私たちは1時間公園を歩いている11. I have been cleaning the house all day.
私は一日中家を掃除している66) tell/ask/want+人+不定詞
◆ ask＋人＋to～ / (人) に～するように頼む
ask は「質問する」で学んだが、ここでは「頼む・お願いする」の意味
◆ tell＋人＋to～ / (人) に～するように言う
tell 人 to ～ のパターンだと「命令」しているイメージ
◆ want＋人＋to～ / (人) に～して欲しいと思う
「want＋人＋to ～」のパターンと、「want to ～（～したい）」のパターンは区別すること
◆「ask + 人 + to + 動詞の原形」
1. He asked me to turn off the light.
彼は私に電気を消すように頼みました。2. We asked him to hurry up.
私たちは彼に急ぐように頼みました。3. She asked me to close the window.
彼女は私に窓を閉めるように頼みました。4. He asked them to be quiet.
彼は彼らに静かにするように頼みました。5. They asked her to sit down.
彼らは彼女に座るように頼みました。6. I asked him to listen carefully.
私は彼に注意深く聞くように頼みました。7. I asked him to come with me.
私は彼に一緒に来てほしいと頼んだ。8. They asked the teacher to explain the lesson again.
彼らは先生にもう一度授業を説明してほしいと頼んだ。9. We asked the waiter to bring us the menu.
私たちはウェイターにメニューを持ってきてほしいと頼んだ。10. She asked her mother to buy her a new dress.
彼女は母親に新しいドレスを買ってほしいと頼んだ。11. He asked his sister to pick him up from the airport.
彼は姉妹に空港まで迎えに来てほしいと頼んだ。12. He asked his girlfriend to marry him.
彼は彼女に結婚してほしいと頼んだ。◆「tell + 人 + to + 動詞の原形」
1. I told him to come here.
私は彼にここに来るように言いました。2. She told me to call her.
彼女は私に電話するように言いました。3. He told us to wait for him.
彼は私たちに彼を待つように言いました。4. They told her to bring the book.
彼らは彼女に本を持ってくるように言いました。5. We told him to be careful.
私たちは彼に気をつけるように言いました。6. She told them to stop talking.
彼女は彼らに話すのをやめるように言いました。7. She told her friend to help her with her homework.
彼女は友達に宿題を手伝うように言った。8. I told my friend to lend me some money.
私は友達にお金を貸すように言った。9. He told his father to teach him how to drive.
彼は父親に運転の仕方を教えるように言った。10. She told her brother to fix her computer.
彼女は兄弟にコンピューターを修理するように言った。11. We told the taxi driver to take us to the airport.
私たちはタクシー運転手さんに空港まで連れて行くように言った。◆「want + 人 + to + 動詞の原形」
1. We want her to finish her homework.
私たちは彼女に宿題を終わらせてほしいです。2. He wants me to meet him at the station.
彼は私に駅で会ってほしいです。3. She wants them to clean their room.
彼女は彼らに部屋を掃除してほしいです。4. I want her to enjoy her vacation.
私は彼女に休暇を楽しんでほしいです。5. He wants me to drive safely.
彼は私に安全運転してほしいです。6. I want my friends to come to my birthday party.
私は友達が私の誕生日パーティーに来てほしい7. She wants her husband to cook dinner tonight.
彼女は夫に今夜の夕食を作ってほしい8. He wants his wife to buy him a new shirt.
彼は妻に新しいシャツを買ってほしい9. She wants her dentist to clean her teeth.
彼女は歯医者に歯を掃除してほしい10. She wants her brother to drive her to the airport.
彼女は兄弟に空港まで車で送ってほしい11. He wants his mother to bake him a cake.
彼は母親にケーキを焼いてほしい12. We want our father to take us fishing.
私たちは父親に釣りに連れて行ってほしい13. They want their grandparents to tell them stories about their childhood.
彼らは祖父母に子供時代の話を聞かせてほしい67) 「疑問詞＋to不定詞」の疑問詞には、what, which, where, when, how などを置くことができます。
それぞれの訳し方は「（疑問詞の意味）～すべきか」となり、全て名詞句（まとまりのまま主語・目的語・補語になる）として扱って下さい。
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what to do 何を～するべきか when to do いつ～するべきか where to do どこで～するべきか which to do どちらを～するべきか how to do ～の仕方/～の方法 |
次の「疑問詞＋不定詞」を使った英文を日本語に直しなさい
1. What to do?
何をすべきか？2. Where to go?
どこに行くべきか？3. When to leave?
いつ出発すべきか？4. Who to ask?
誰に尋ねるべきか？5. How to cook?
どのように料理するか？6. What to wear?
何を着るべきか？7. Where to eat?
どこで食事するべきか？8. When to sleep?
いつ寝るべきか？9. Who to call?
誰に電話するべきか？10. How to dance?
どのように踊るか？11. What to buy?
何を買うべきか？12. Where to live?
どこに住むべきか？13. When to wake up?
いつ起きるべきか？14. Where to study abroad?
どこで留学するべきか？15. When to finish?
いつ終わらせるべきか？
和文を参考にして ( )内に適する語を入れて、 疑問詞＋不定詞の文を完成させなさい
1. I don’t know ( ). 次に何をすべきかわからない
I don’t know what to do next.
2. I don’t know ( ). A、Bどちらを買えばよいかわからない
I don’t know which to buy, A or B.
3. I don’t know ( ). どこに行けばよいかわからない
I don’t know where to go.
4. I don’t know ( ). どのルートを通るべきかわからない
I don’t know which route to take.
5. She doesn’t know ( ). 彼女は泳ぎ方がわからない
She doesn’t know how to swim.
6. I’m not sure ( ). この問題をどのように解決すべきかわからない
I’m not sure how to solve this problem.
7. I asked my teacher ( ). 私は先生にどこに座ればよいか聞いた
I asked my teacher where to sit.
8. Please explain ( ). ゲームのやり方を説明してくれ
Please explain how to play the game.
9. He’s trying to decide ( ). 彼はどの車を買うべきか決めようとしている
He’s trying to decide which car to buy.
10. He’s thinking about ( ). 彼は次に何をすべきか考えている
He’s thinking about what to do next.
11. He doesn’t know ( ). 彼はギターの弾き方がわからない
He doesn’t know how to play the guitar.
12. I’m not sure ( ). この機械の使い方がわからない
I’m not sure how to use this machine.
13. He doesn’t know ( ). 彼はダンスの仕方がわからない
He doesn’t know how to dance.
1. I don’t know ( ). 次に何をすべきかわからない
I don’t know what to do next. 2. I don’t know ( ). A、Bどちらを買えばよいかわからない
I don’t know which to buy, A or B. 3. I don’t know ( ). どこに行けばよいかわからない
I don’t know where to go. 4. I don’t know ( ). どのルートを通るべきかわからない
I don’t know which route to take. 5. She doesn’t know ( ). 彼女は泳ぎ方がわからない
She doesn’t know how to swim. 6. I’m not sure ( ). この問題をどのように解決すべきかわからない
I’m not sure how to solve this problem. 7. I asked my teacher ( ). 私は先生にどこに座ればよいか聞いた
I asked my teacher where to sit. 8. Please explain ( ). ゲームのやり方を説明してくれ
Please explain how to play the game. 9. He’s trying to decide ( ). 彼はどの車を買うべきか決めようとしている
He’s trying to decide which car to buy. 10. He’s thinking about ( ). 彼は次に何をすべきか考えている
He’s thinking about what to do next. 11. He doesn’t know ( ). 彼はギターの弾き方がわからない
He doesn’t know how to play the guitar. 12. I’m not sure ( ). この機械の使い方がわからない
I’m not sure how to use this machine. 13. He doesn’t know ( ). 彼はダンスの仕方がわからない
He doesn’t know how to dance. 1. I don't know what to do.
私は何をすべきか分かりません。2. He's wondering when to leave.
彼はいつ出発すべきか考えています。3. She's learning how to cook.
彼女は料理の仕方を学んでいます。4. He's choosing what to wear.
彼は何を着るべきか選んでいます。5. They're thinking where to eat.
彼らはどこで食事するべきか考えています。6. I'm not sure when to sleep.
私はいつ寝るべきか確信がありません。7. She's practicing how to dance.
彼女は踊り方を練習しています。8. I'm researching where to live.
私はどこに住むべきか調査しています。9. We're planning when to wake up.
私たちはいつ起きるべきか計画しています。10. They're learning how to sing.
彼らは歌い方を学んでいます。11. I'm thinking about what to say.
私は何を言うべきか考えています。12. We're deciding what to read.
私たちは何を読むべきか決めています。13. She's planning when to finish.
彼女はいつ終わらせるべきか計画しています。14. We're learning how to write a letter.
私たちは手紙の書き方を学んでいます。68) 不定詞を使った特殊表現
◆◆ too+形容詞・副詞+to不定詞
too … to ～ は、「あまりに…なので～できない 」という意味
toのカタマリは 否定の意味になることに注意！
◆◆ 形容詞・副詞+enough+to不定詞
… enough to ～ は、「充分…だ、～するにはね」という意味
enoughはもともと、「十分な」の意味
◆◆ too+形容詞・副詞+to不定詞
1. The box is too heavy to carry.
その箱は持ち運ぶには重すぎます。2. The soup is too hot to eat.
そのスープは食べるには熱すぎます。3. The problem is too difficult to solve.
その問題は解決するには難しすぎます。4. The water is too cold to swim.
水が冷たすぎて泳げません。5. The dress is too expensive to buy.
そのドレスは買うには高すぎます。6. The weather is too bad to go out.
天気が悪すぎて外出できません。7. The coffee is too bitter to drink.
コーヒーが苦すぎて飲めません。8. The cake is too sweet to eat more.
ケーキが甘すぎてもう食べられません。9. The distance is too far to walk.
距離が遠すぎて歩いて行けません。10. The baby is too young to walk.
赤ちゃんは歩くには若すぎます。11. The night is too dark to see anything.
夜が暗すぎて何も見えません。
◆◆ 形容詞・副詞+enough+to不定詞
1. The water is warm enough to swim.
水は泳ぐのに十分温かいです。2. The soup is cool enough to eat.
スープは食べるのに十分冷たいです。3. The music is quiet enough to sleep.
音楽は眠るのに十分静かです。4. The problem is easy enough to solve.
その問題は解決するのに十分簡単です。5. The box is light enough to carry.
その箱は持ち運ぶのに十分軽いです。6. The dress is cheap enough to buy.
そのドレスは買うのに十分安いです。7. The book is short enough to finish in one day.
その本は1日で読み終えるのに十分短いです。8. The coffee is mild enough to drink.
コーヒーは飲むのに十分まろやかです。9. The distance is short enough to walk.
距離が歩いて行けるくらい近いです。10. The sea is calm enough to go swimming.
海が穏やかで泳ぐことができます。69.) It is ～ (for 人) to 動詞の原形
英語は結論を先に言いたい言語なので、いつまでも結論を引っ張ることになる、主語が長くなることを嫌います。
そのため、最初に「代役の主語 it」を持ってきて、It is ～ と結論を言ってから、to以下で本当の主語を持ってきます。
「for 人」 の部分の省略はよくあります。
「人」にとって、「動詞の原形」するのは 「～」だ。
次の文を日本語に直しなさい。