Basic 2 もくじ
28. 過去形
29. 過去形の疑問文
30. 過去形の否定文
31. 語尾の発音
32. 過去進行形
33. 比較
34. 比較
35. 比較
35a. 比較穴埋め
35b. 比較穴埋め
35c. 比較穴埋め
36. 感嘆文
37. 助動詞
38. 助動詞
39. 助動詞
40. 助動詞
41. 助動詞
42a. 不定詞 名詞的用法
42b. 不定詞 副詞的用法
42c. 不定詞 形容詞的用法
42. 不定詞 ３用法まとめ
43.
動名詞・現在分詞 2種類の-ing形
44.
不定詞・動名詞・現在分詞
45. 能動態と受動態
46. 受動態と能動態
47. 疑問詞一覧 No 2
48. 多義語の動詞
49. 節と接続詞
28) 過去のことを表現するには、動詞を過去形になおします。
動詞の過去形は、原形の語尾にd, edを付け加えるだけですが、例外的に不規則な変化をする動詞もあります。
なお一般動詞の現在形の文の疑問文・否定文で用いるdo, does, don't, doesn'tの代わりにdid, didn'tを用いますが、現在形の場合と同様、一般動詞は原形のままです。
次の文を過去形の文に言い換えなさい。
1. My sister is very happy.
My sister was very happy.
2. There are many young girls in the department store.
There were many young girls in the department store.
3. I am a good tennis player.
I was a good tennis player.
4. You are a junior high school student.
You were a junior high school student.
5. Dick is in a car with his father.
Dick was in a car with his father.
6. The girl has some books in her hand.
The girl had some books in her hand.
7. I play tennis with my father after lunch.
I played tennis with my father after lunch.
8. My uncle lives in New York.
My uncle lived in New York.
9. The girls study English very hard.
The girls studied English very hard.
10. My father reads an English newspaper.
My father read an English newspaper.
11. The young woman speaks Japanese very well.
The young woman spoke Japanese very well.
12. My sisters make pretty dolls.
My sisters made pretty dolls.
13. Tom and Fred watch the game on TV.
Tom and Fred watched the game on TV.
14. I go to the swimming pool with my father.
I went to the swimming pool with my father.
15. We walk to the park with dogs.
We walked to the park with dogs.
16. My mother teaches English at school.
My mother taught English at school.
17. My father is not very busy.
My father wasn't very busy.
18. There are not any children in his car.
There weren't any children in his car.
19. I don't go to school with my sister.
I didn't go to school with my sister.
20. My brother doesn't wash his car.
My brother didn't wash his car.
21. The boys don't swim after school.
The boys didn't swim after school.
22. Is your mother sick ?
Was your mother sick ?
23. Are there any students in the library ?
Were there any students in the library ?
24. Does your sister like the little dog ?
Did your sister like the little dog ?
25. Do you come to school by bus or by bicycle ?
Did you come to school by bus or by bicycle ?
26. Do your parents play golf with his friends ?
Did your parents play golf with his friends ?
27. What is in the big bag ?
What was in the big bag ?
28. How are your grandfather and grandmother ?
How were your grandfather and grandmother ?
29. Where does your brother live ?
Where did your brother live ?
30. What time does the game begin ?
What time did the game begin ?
31. Who teaches English at your school?
Who taught English at your school ?
29) ①Be動詞の文 と ②一般動詞の文の疑問文 の作り方の違いに注意して、次の文を疑問文に書き換えなさい。
1. The dog was very big.
Was the dog very big ?
2. They were very kind to you.
Were they very kind to you ?
3. There were some boys in the pool.
Were there any boys in the pool ?
4. Nancy was in Tokyo last year.
Was Nancy in Tokyo last year ?
5. Tom was at home then.
Was Tom at home then ?
6. Mary helped her mother.
Did Mary help her mother ?
7. They finished their homework.
Did they finish their homework ?
8. She listened to the radio.
Did she listen to the radio ?
9. They liked tennis very much.
Did they like tennis very much ?
10. His sister answered the question.
Did his sister answer the question ?
11. She went to church last Sunday.
Did she go to church last Sunday ?
12. Nancy had a very beautiful doll.
Did Nancy have a very beautiful doll ?
13. Mike bought the bicycle.
Did Mike buy the bicycle ?
14. The game began at eight.
Did the game begin at eight ?
15. My uncle came last night.
Did my uncle come last night ?
30) ①Be動詞の文 と ②一般動詞の文の否定文 の作り方の違いに注意して、次の文を否定文に書き換えなさい。
1. She was happy then.
She wasn't happy then.
2. There was a guitar in his room.
There wasn't a guitar in his room.
3. You were busy last week.
You weren't busy last week.
4. There were some girls in the room.
There weren't any girls in the room.
5. The book was very interesting.
The book wasn't very interesting.
6. You played baseball yesterday.
You didn't play baseball yesterday.
7. She wanted a new violin.
She didn't want a new violin.
8. His family lived in Tokyo last year.
His family didn't live in Tokyo last year.
9. Mr.Brown had a nice car.
Mr.Brown didn't have a nice car.
10. They went to the lake last summer.
They didn't go to the lake last summer.
11. Nancy bought some new CDs.
Nancy didn't buy any new CDs.
12. He saw the movies last week.
He didin't see the movies last week.
13. Dick walked to the park with Tom.
Dick didn't walk to the park with Tom.
14. My brother washed the car yesterday.
My brother didn't wash the car yesterday.
15. They got up at six yesterday morning.
They didn't get up at six yesterday morning.
31)
名詞の複数形と3単現の動詞の語尾の発音は［s］ ［z］［iz］の3種類
動詞の過去形の語尾の発音は［t］［d］［id］の3種類
次の単語の-s、-es部分、-d、-ed部分の発音はそれぞれどれに相当しますか。
1. caps
［s］
2. hands
［z］
3. boxes
［iz］
4. bags
［z］
5. dishes
［iz］
6. cats
［s］
7. girls
［z］
8. desks
［s］
9. houses
［iz］
10. glasses
［iz］
11. horses
［iz］
12. friends
［z］
13. doors
［z］
14. parks
［s］
15. cups
［s］
16. books
［s］
17. nurses
［iz］
18. teachers
［z］
19. doctors
［z］
20. beds
［z］
21. tables
［z］
22. stamps
［s］
23. bicycles
［z］
24. watches
［iz］
25. boats
［s］
26. birds
［z］
27. tulips
［s］
28. rooms
［z］
29. oranges
［iz］
30. kings
［z］
31. looks
［s］
32. goes
［z］
33. dances
［iz］
34. sings
［z］
35. uses
［iz］
36. starts
［s］
37. enjoys
［z］
38. eats
［s］
39. washes
［iz］
40. carries
［z］
41. smiles
［z］
42. makes
［s］
43. teaches
［iz］
44. walks
［s］
45. practices
［iz］
46. sleeps
［s］
47. stays
［z］
48. knows
［z］
49. visits
［s］
50. reads
［z］
51. cooks
［s］
52. runs
［z］
53. builds
［z］
54. keeps
［s］
55. catches
［iz］
56. waits
［s］
57. feels
［z］
58. moves
［z］
59. brings
［z］
60. shows
［z］
61. start
［id］
62. asked
［t］
63. opened
［d］
64. watched
［t］
65. cleaned
［d］
66. wanted
［id］
67. helped
［t］
68. needed
［id］
69. listened
［d］
70. danced
［t］
71. lived
［d］
72. washed
［t］
73. visited
［id］
74. loved
［d］
75. opened
［d］
76. stopped
［t］
77. liked
［t］
78. collected
［id］
79. showed
［d］
80. waited
［id］
81. called
［d］
82. lived
［d］
83. cooked
［t］
84. stayed
［d］
85. studied
［d］
86. worked
［t］
87. played
［d］
88. skated
［id］
89. talked
［t］
90. used
［d］
32)
現在進行形は 「現在形のbe動詞 + 動詞の原形ing」
過去進行形は 「過去形のbe動詞 + 動詞の原形ing」
次の文を（ ）の中の言葉を加えて過去進行形に言い換えなさい。
1. I read an interesting magazine. （ when I was called ）
I was reading an interesting magazine when I was called.
2. My mother washed dishes in the kitchen. （ when the phone rang ）
My mother was washing dishes in the kitchen when the phone rang.
3. The boys made a small dog house. （ when I saw them ）
The boys were making a small dog house when I saw them.
4. Many boys and girls swam in the river. （ then ）
Many boys and girls were swimming in the river then.
5. My sister studied math in her room. （ then ）
My sister was studying math in her room then.
6. The girls didn't look at the picture. （ then ）
The girls weren't looking at the picture then.
7. My mother didn't sing an English song. （ then ）
My mother wasn't singing an English song then.
8. Jane didn't help her mother. （ then ）
Jane wasn't helping her mother then.
9. The students didn't practice the piano. （ then ）
The students weren't practicing the piano then.
10. Mr.Smith didn't talk with his students. （ at that time ）
Mr.Smith wasn't talking with his students at that time.
11. Did you play tennis with your friends ? （ at that time ）
Were you playing tennis with your friends at that time ?
12. Did your father read the newspaper ? （ at that time ）
Was your father reading the newspaper at that time ?
13. What did the old woman look for ? （ at that time ）
What was the old woman looking for at that time ?
14. Where did you paint a picture ? （ at that time ）
Where were you painting a picture at that time ?
15. What did you do in your room ? （ at that time ）
What were you doing in your room at that time ?
33) 比較級・最上級の作り方
▶ 語尾が「子音字＋y」の場合
形容詞（副詞）の語尾が「子音字＋y」の場合は、「y」を「i」に変えて、その後ろに「er」を付けます。
easy - easier - easiest
▶ 「１母音字＋１子音字」の場合
形容詞（副詞）の語尾が「１母音字＋１子音字」の場合は、語尾の子音字を重ねて、その後に「er」を付けます。
big - bigger - biggest
▶ 3音節以上の長い単語は 「more＋形容詞（副詞）の原形」 「most＋形容詞（副詞）の原形」
difficult - more difficult - most difficult
▶ 語尾が -ly で終わるもの、 -ful で終わるものは 「more＋ 形容詞（副詞）の原形」 「most＋形容詞（副詞）の原形」
slowly - more slowly - most slowly
colorful - more colorful - most colorful
※ ただし、 early は early - earlier - earliest
▶ 不規則変化
good better best
well better best
bad worse worst
ill worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
問 次の形容詞・副詞の比較級・最上級を答えなさい。
1. large
larger largest
2. young
younger youngest
3. hot
hotter hottest
4. interesting
more interesting / most interesting
5. pretty
prettier prettiest
6. good
better best
7. popular
more popular / most popular
8. high
higher highest
9. busy
busier busiest
10. slowly
more slowly / most slowly
11. early
earlier earliest
12. short
shorter shortest
13. big.
bigger biggest
14. fast
faster fastest
15. many
more / most
16. small
smaller smallest
17. cold
colder coldest
18. nice
nicer nicest
19. happy
happier happiest
20. difficult
more difficult / most difficult
21. well
better best
22. warm
warmer warmest
23. foolish
more foolish / most foolish
24. easy
easier easiest
25. important
more important / most important
26. old
older oldest
27. bad
worse worst
28. tall
taller tallest
29. beautiful
more beautiful / most beautiful
30. much
more most
34)
▼ 原級の文のつくり方
as＋原級＋as ～「～と同じくらい」 否定文にすると「～ほど…ではない」という意味になります
▼ 比較級の文のつくり方
比較級＋than ～「～よりも…」
▼ 最上級の文のつくり方
the 最上級（＋ofまたはin～）「（～の中で）最も～」
ofとinは、次のように使い分けましょう。
|
of…後ろに数字やallがくる場合 in…後ろに場所や集団などがくる場合 |
次の文を原級・比較級・最上級の用法に注意して、日本語になおしなさい。
1. Nancy is now as tall as her mother.
ナンシーは今 彼女の母親と同じくらいの背の高さです。
2. Dick practiced basketball as hard as Tom.
ディックはトムと同じくらい一生懸命バスケットボールの練習をした。
3. My father is not as young as your father.
私の父はあなたのお父さんほど若くない。
4. Jim does not play tennis as often as his brother.
ジムは彼の弟ほどしょっちゅうテニスをしない。
5. Your mother looks younger than my mother.
あなたのお母さんは私の母より若く見える。
6. Your new book is more interesting than your earlier ones.
あなたの新しい本は、前の本よりももっとおもしろい。
7. My brother usually gets up earlier than my sister.
私の弟は妹よりもたいてい早く起きる。
8. Which is more popular in Japan, soccer or baseball?
日本ではサッカーと野球とではどちらが人気がありますか。
9. Which did you study harder, math or science ?
あなたは数学と理科とではどちらを一生懸命勉強しましたか。
10. Which do you like better, soccer or baseball?
あなたはサッカーと野球のどちらが好きですか。
11. The world is getting smaller and smaller.
世界はだんだん狭くなっている。
12. Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.
トムは私たちのクラスでは他のどの少年よりも背が高い。
13. That house over there is the oldest in this town.
向こうのあの家はこの町で一番古い。
14. Joe is the most careful of these students.
ジョーはこれらの生徒たちのうちで最も注意深い。
15. Do you know which is the hottest month in Australia ?
あなたはオーストラリアでは何月が一番暑い月か知っていますか。
35)
▼ 原級の文のつくり方
as＋原級＋as ～「～と同じくらい」 否定文にすると「～ほど…ではない」という意味になります
▼ 比較級の文のつくり方
比較級＋than ～「～よりも…」
▼ 最上級の文のつくり方
the 最上級（＋ofまたはin～）「（～の中で）最も～」
ofとinは、次のように使い分けましょう。
|
of…後ろに数字やallがくる場合 in…後ろに場所や集団などがくる場合 |
次の文末に与えられている語の原級・比較級・最上級のうち、文の意味にあうもっとも適当なものを空所に入れなさい。
最上級を入れる場合にはその前にtheを付けなさい。
1. My mother is as ______ as your mother. (old)
old
2. This pencil is ______ than that pencil. (long)
longer
3. Tokyo is ______ than Kyoto. (large)
larger
4. Mr.Smith is ______ of these men. (young)
the youngest
5. Who is ______ , Jane or Nancy ? (tall)
taller
6. My mother gets up ______ in my family. (early)
the earliest
7. Baseball is not as ______ as football in America. (popular)
popular
8. Mr.Brown is ______ man of them all. (busy)
the busiest
9. Who is swimming ______ ,Tom or Mike ? (fast)
faster
10. Your dog is ______ than my dog. (pretty)
prettier
11. This doll is ______ of these five dolls. (beautiful)
the most beautiful
12. Who was ______ of all the girls ? (happy)
the happiest
13. This book is ______ than that one. (interesting)
more interesting
14. It is getting ______ and ______ . (cold)
colder/colder
15. Who can swim ______ in your class ? (fast)
(the) fastest
16. It is ______ today than yesterday. (warm)
warmer
17. The Sahara Desert is ______ in the world. (big)
the biggest
18. Nairobi is one of ______ cities in Africa. (modern)
the most modern
19. It is ______ than any other mountain in Africa. (high)
higher
20. My brother doesn't drive as ______ as my father. (carefully)
carefully
21. This question isn't as ______ as that one. (easy)
easy
22. Who is ______ of your friends ? (short)
the shortest
23. Bob is a ______ player than Tom. (good)
better
24. This red car is ______ of all the cars here. (good)
the best
25. Osaka has ______ bridges of all the cities in Japan. (many)
the most
26. I have ______ old coins than you. (many)
more
27. He played the guitar ______ of all the players. (well)
(the) best
28. My father speaks English ______ than I. (well)
better
29. Who do you like ______ of all your teachers ? (well)
(the) best
30. I like oranges ______ than apples. (well)
better
Unit 35a 比較（1）
1 ) ミキはお母さんと同じくらいの背の高さです．
Miki is ( ) ( ) ( ) her mother.
as tall as
2 ) 富士山はエベレスト山ほど高くありません．
Mt. Fuji isn't ( ) ( ) ( ) Mt. Everest.
as high as
3 ) レンはお兄さんと同じくらい本を持っています．
Ren has ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) his brother.
as many books as
4 ) アレックスは先生と同じくらい速く走れます．
Alex can run ( ) ( ) ( ) our teacher.
as fast as
5 ) 私はジョンほどじょうずにテニスができません．
I can't play tennis ( ) ( ) ( ) John.
as well as
6 ) メイはアカリと同じくらいのお金を持っています．
Mei has ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Akari.
as much money as
7 ) デイビッドはお父さんよりも背が高いです．
David is ( ) ( ) his father.
taller than
8 ) このかばんはあのかばんよりも高価です．
This bag is ( ) ( ) ( ) that one.
more expensive than
9 ) ジャックはトムよりずっと速く走れます．
Jack can run ( ) ( ) ( ) Tom.
much faster than
10 ) 私は妹よりも早く家を出ました．
I left home ( ) ( ) my sister.
earlier than
11 ) 今日の試合は昨日の試合よりわくわくします．
Today's game is ( ) ( ) ( ) yesterday's.
more exciting than
12 ) ジョンは彼の父親より少し背が高いです．
John is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) his father.
a little taller than
13 ) ジョンはハヤトよりも20センチ背が高いです．
John is 20 cm ( ) ( ) Hayato.
taller than
14 ) メグは私より年上です．
Meg is older ( ) ( ).
than I[me]
15 ) 私の英語の先生は母と同い年です．
My English teacher is ( ) ( ) as my mother.
as old
16 ) この映画は『スターウォーズ』と同じくらいわくわくします．
This movie is ( ) exciting ( ) Star Wars.
as, as
17 ) 私の犬はあなたの犬ほどりこうではありません．
My dog is ( ) ( ) clever ( ) your dog.
not as[so], as
18 ) 私はあなたと同じくらいの数の友人がいます．
I have ( ) ( ) friends ( ) you.
as many, as
19 ) この家はあの家よりも古い．
This house is ( ) ( ) that one.
older than
20 ) 姉はいつも私より早く起きます．
My sister always gets up ( ) ( ) I do.
earlier than
21 ) 母は父より慎重に運転をします．
My mother drives ( ) ( ) than my father.
more carefully
22 ) この本はあの本よりもずっとおもしろいです．
This book is ( ) ( ) interesting ( ) that one.
much[far] more, than
23 ) このスカートはあのスカートと同じくらいの長さです．
This skirt is ( ) ( ) ( ) that one.
as long as
24 ) 私はあなたほど若くありません．
I'm ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) you.
not as[so] young as
25 ) 父は母ほど料理じょうずではありません．
My father doesn't cook ( ) ( ) ( ) my mother.
as[so] well as
26 ) 弟は私と同じくらい体重があります．
My brother is ( ) ( ) ( ) I am.
as heavy as
27 ) ジョージはオリンピック選手なみに速く泳げます．
George can swim ( ) ( ) ( ) Olympic athletes. 「オリンピック」 Olympic
as fast as
28 ) 姉は父と同じくらいコーヒーを飲みます．
My sister drinks ( ) ( ) ( ) as my father.
as much coffee
29 ) この山は六甲山よりも高いです．
This mountain is ( ) ( ) Mt. Rokko.
higher than
30 ) 今日の天気は昨日の天気よりも悪い．
Today's weather is ( ) ( ) yesterday's.
worse than
31 ) 兄は私より10センチ背が高いです．
My brother is 10 centimeters ( ) ( ) me.
taller than
32 ) 太陽は地球よりもずっと大きいです．
The sun is ( ) ( ) ( ) the earth.
much[far] bigger[larger] than
33 ) 姉は私よりもたくさん洋服を持っています．
My sister has ( ) clothes ( ) me.
more, than
34 ) スペインでは，野球よりサッカーのほうが人気があります．
Soccer is ( ) popular ( ) baseball in Spain.
more, than
35 ) 中国の歴史はアメリカの歴史よりもずっと長いです．
The history of China is ( ) ( ) than that of the USA.
much[far] longer
36 ) もう少し大きな声で話していただけますか．
Could you speak a ( ) ( ) ( )? 「大きな声で」loudly
little more loudly
37 ) このあたりは仙台よりずっとたくさん雪が降ります．
We have ( ) ( ) ( ) around here than in Sendai.
much[far] more snow
38 ) 私は昨日より今日のほうが気分がいいです．
I feel ( ) today ( ) yesterday.
better, than
39 ) 私はあなたほどすらすらとフランス語を話せません．
I can't speak French ( ) ( ) ( ) you.
as fluently as
40 ) 昨日よりも今日のほうがずっと寒いです．
It's ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) yesterday.
much colder today than
41 ) この車はあの車よりも値段が高そうです．
This car ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) that one.
looks more expensive than
42 ) 私の母は父よりも３歳年下です．
My mother is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) my father.
three years younger than
43 ) 私の兄［弟］は私よりも30分早く帰宅しました．
My brother came home ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) me.
thirty minutes earlier than
44 ) 私の部屋は兄の部屋ほど広くないけれど，兄の部屋よりきれいです．
My room isn't ( ) as my brother's, but it's ( ) than
his.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
as[so] large[big], cleaner
45 ) 今日は私はあなたよりたくさん宿題があります．
I have ( ) you today.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
more homework than
46 ) 弟は私ほどお金を持っていません．
My brother ( ) as ( ) as I do.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
doesn't have, much money
47 ) 私の姉は私よりも２歳年上ですが，身長は私のほうが少し高いです．
My sister is ( ) than me, but I'm ( ) than her.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
two years older, a little taller
Unit 35b 比較（2）
1 ) 富士山は日本で一番高い山です．
Mt. Fuji is ( ) ( ) mountain ( ) Japan.
the highest, in
2 ) この腕時計はその3つの中で最も高価です．
This watch is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the three.
the most expensive of
3 ) ジェーンはクラスで一番速く泳げます．
Jane can swim ( ) ( ) her class.
fastest in
4 ) この問題はその10問の中で一番易しいです．
This question is ( ) ( ) ( ) the ten.
the easiest of
5 ) 君はこの学校で一番歌がうまいです．
You are ( ) ( ) singer ( ) this school.
the best, in
6 ) 私は家族の中で一番年下です．
I am ( ) ( ) ( ) my family.
the youngest in
7 ) 私の兄は家族全員の中で一番背が高い．
My brother is ( ) ( ) ( ) all my family members.
the tallest of
8 ) 今日私はクラスで一番早く学校に来た．
Today I came to school ( ) ( ) in my class.
the earliest
9 ) ジムはクラスのどの生徒よりも速く走ることができます．
Jim can run ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) student in the class.
faster than any other
10 ) クラスのどの生徒もジムほど速く走ることはできません．
( ) ( ) student in the class can run ( ) ( ) ( ) Jim.
No other, as fast as
11 ) クラスのどの生徒もジムより速く走ることはできません．
( ) ( ) student in the class can run ( ) ( ) Jim.
No other, faster than
12 ) ジムはクラスで一番速く走ることができます．
Jim can run ( ) ( ) in the class.
the fastest
13 ) 健康はほかの何よりも大切です．
Health is ( ) ( ) ( ) anything else.
more precious than
14 ) 健康ほど大切なものは何もない．
Nothing ( ) ( ) ( ) as health.
is as precious
15 ) 健康より大切なものは何もない．
Nothing ( ) ( ) ( ) than health.
is more precious
16 ) ヤマトはクラスのどの生徒よりも野球がじょうずです．
Yamato plays baseball better than ( ) other ( ) in the class.
any, student
17 ) このクラスでヤマトほど野球がじょうずな生徒はいません．
( ) other ( ) in this class plays baseball ( ) ( ) as Yamato.
No, student, as[so] well
18 ) 私にとって家族と時間を過ごすことほど大切なものはありません．
( ) is ( ) important to me as spending time with my family.
Nothing, as
19 ) 琵琶湖は日本で一番大きい湖です．
Lake Biwa is ( ) ( ) lake ( ) Japan.
the largest[biggest], in
20 ) メグは私たちみんなの中で一番速くキーボードを打ちます．
Meg types the ( ) ( ) us all. 「キーボードを打つ」type
fastest of
21 ) この写真はその3枚の中で一番美しい．
This photo is ( ) ( ) ( ) of the three.
the most beautiful
22 ) アイカはこの学校で一番すらすらと英語を話します．
Aika speaks English the ( ) ( ) ( ) this school.
most fluently in
23 ) ボブはクラブの中で一番背が低いけれど，私たちみんなの中で一番高くジャンプできます．
Bob is ( ) ( ) in the club, but he can jump ( ) of us all.
the shortest, highest
24 ) ケイトは理科のテストでクラスで一番よい点を取りました．
Kate got ( ) ( ) score on the science test in her class.
the best
25 ) この問題は3つの中で一番難しいです．
This question is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the three.
the most difficult of
26 ) 月曜日は私にとって７日間のうちで最も忙しい日です．
Monday is ( ) ( ) ( ) of the seven days to me.
the busiest day
27 ) この町にはこの店ほど大きい書店はありません．
( ) ( ) bookstore in this town is as ( ) as this store.
No other, large[big]
28 ) ルーシーはクラスのどの女の子よりも足が速いです．
Lucy runs ( ) than ( ) ( ) ( ) in the class.
faster, any other girl
29 ) 私は旅行より楽しいことはないと思います．
I think that ( ) is more pleasant ( ) traveling.
nothing, than
30 ) このあたりでこの教会より古い建物はありません．
( ) other ( ) around here is ( ) than this church.
No, building, older
31 ) その数学のテストでは，私たち3人の中で私が一番悪い点を取りました．
I got ( ) ( ) score of us three on the math test.
the worst
32 ) これは日本で一番古い動物園です．
This is ( ) ( ) ( ) in Japan.
the oldest zoo
33 ) この映画はすべての中で一番わくわくします．
This movie is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
the most exciting of all
34 ) デイビッドはクラスのどの男の子よりも背が高いです．
David is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) in the class.
taller than any other boy
35 ) 愛はほかの何よりも大切です．
Love is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
more important than anything else
36 ) この学校でクリスほど野球が好きな人はいません．
Nobody in this school ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Chris.
likes baseball as much as
Unit 35c 比較（3）
1 ) コーヒーか紅茶かどちらが好きですか．―紅茶のほうが好きです．
( ) do you like ( ), coffee ( ) tea? ― I like tea better.
Which, better, or
2 ) あなたはどのスポーツが一番好きですか．―バレーボールが一番好きです．
( ) sport do you like ( ) ( )? ― I like volleyball the best.
What, the best
3 ) 金星か火星か，どちらが大きいですか．―金星です．
( ) is ( ), Venus ( ) Mars? ― Venus is.
Which, bigger, or
4 ) 3人の中でだれが一番年上ですか．―ユカです．
( ) is ( ) ( ) of the three? ― Yuka is.
Who, the oldest
5 ) この家は私たちの家の3倍の広さです．
This house is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) our house.
three times as large as
6 ) できるだけ早く私に電話をください．
Please call me ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
as soon as possible
7 ) だんだん暖かくなってきています．
It's getting ( ) ( ) ( ).
warmer and warmer
8 ) 手に入れれば入れるほど，ますますほしくなる．
( ) ( ) you get, ( ) ( ) you want.
The more, the more
9 ) 大阪は日本で最も大きい都市の1つだ．
Osaka is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) cities in Japan.
one of the largest
10 ) トムは私の2倍の(数の)本を読んでいます．
Tom reads ( ) ( ) ( ) books ( ) I do.
twice as many, as
11 ) できるだけ速く走りなさい．
Run ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
as fast as possible
12 ) ジムはますます忙しくなっていった．
Jim became ( ) ( ) ( ).
busier and busier
13 ) 高く登れば登るほど，ますます寒くなります．
( ) ( ) you climb, ( ) ( ) it becomes.
The higher, the colder
14 ) サヤカはこの学校で最も頭のいい生徒の１人です．
Sayaka is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) in this school.
one of the most intelligent students
15 ) 犬とネコのどっちが好きなの？―ネコのほうが好きだよ．
( ) do you like ( ), dogs ( ) cats? ― I like cats ( ).
Which, better, or, better
16 ) 何の教科が一番好きなの？―理科が一番好きだよ．
( ) subject do you like ( )? ― I like science ( ).
What, best, best
17 ) その５人の女の子の中で，だれが一番速く走れるの？
( ) can run ( ) ( ) the five girls?
Who, fastest of
18 ) このロボットはあのロボットの2倍の速さで動きます．
This robot moves ( ) ( ) fast ( ) that one.
twice as, as
19 ) 私はできるだけはっきりと話しました．
I spoke ( ) clearly ( ) ( ).
as, as possible
20 ) 明日の朝はできるだけ早く起きなさい．
Get up as early as ( ) ( ) tomorrow morning.
you can
21 ) ますます多くの人々がこの店に来るでしょう．
( ) and ( ) people will come to this store.
More, more
22 ) 本をたくさん読めば読むほど，あなたはますます頭がよくなります．
( ) ( ) books you read, ( ) ( ) you become. 「頭がよい」 smart
The more, the smarter
23 ) この映画は今年最もわくわくする映画の１つです．
This is ( ) of the most exciting ( ) of the year.
one, movies
24 ) A：読書と映画鑑賞のどっちが好きなの？
A： ( ) do you like ( ), reading ( ) watching movies ?
Which, better, or
25 ) B：映画を見るより読書のほうが好きだよ．
B： I like reading ( ) ( ) watching movies .
better than
26 ) 何よりも読書が好きだよ．
I like ( ) ( ) ( ) anything else .
reading better than
27 ) A：どんな娯楽が一番好きなの？
A： ( ) entertainment do you like ( ) ?
What, best
28 ) B：テレビを見るのが一番好きだよ．
B： I like ( ) ( ) ( ).
watching TV best
29 ) この公園は甲子園球場の5倍の広さがあります．
This park is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) as Koshien Stadium.
five times as large[big]
30 ) 私たちのチームにはあなたのチームの約2倍のメンバーがいます．
Our team has about ( ) ( ) many members ( ) your team.
twice as, as
31 ) できるだけ多くの問題に答えなさい．
Answer ( ) ( ) questions ( ) you ( ).
as many, as, can
32 ) 私はできるかぎり長生きしたいです．
I want to live as ( ) ( ) ( ).
long as possible
33 ) 彼は年をとればとるほど，ますますやさしくなった．
( ) ( ) he got, ( ) ( ) he became.
The older, the kinder
34 ) ますます多くの若者たちが，留学に興味をもっています．
( ) and ( ) young people are interested in studying abroad.
More, more
35 ) 英語を学ぶことは私たちにとってますます重要になってきています．
Learning English is becoming ( ) and ( ) important to us.
more, more
36 ) 奈良は日本で最も古い都市の１つです．
Nara is ( ) ( ) ( ) oldest ( ) in Japan.
one of the, cities
37 ) レンはクラスで最も活発な生徒の１人です．
Ren is ( ) of ( ) ( ) active ( ) in the class.
one, the most, students
38 ) 米とパン，どっちが好き？―パンのほうが好きだね．
( ) do you like ( ), ( ) ( ) ( )? ― I like ( ) ( ).
Which, better, rice or bread, bread better
39 ) あなたのクラスではだれが一番バスケットボールがじょうずなの？
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) in your class?
Who plays basketball best
40 ) ますます日が短くなってきています．
The days are ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
getting shorter and shorter
41 ) できるだけたくさんの本を読みなさい．
Read ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
as many books as you can
42 ) 早起きすればするほど，ますますたくさんのことができるようになります．
( ) ( ) you get up, ( ) ( ) you can do.
The earlier, the more
43 ) 私の父は，バスで通勤するより歩いて行くほうが好きです．
My father ( ) to his office ( ) going there by bus.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
likes walking, better than
44 ) 私の兄は毎日私の約3倍のごはんを食べます．
My brother eats ( ) rice as I do every day.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
about three times as much
45 ) 今日の午後はますます暑くなると思います．
I think that it will become ( ) this afternoon.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
hotter and hotter
46 ) 長く待てば待つほど，ますますお腹が減ってきた．
( ) we waited, ( ) we felt.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
The longer, the hungrier
36)
▶「形容詞+名詞」を強める場合は
「 What + (a/an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 動詞 ～！」
▶「形容詞」あるいは「副詞」だけを強める場合は
「 How + 形容詞・副詞 + 主語 + 動詞 ～！」
次の文を感嘆文に書き換えなさい.
1. I am a very happy boy.
What a happy boy I am !
2. The watch is very old.
How old the watch is !
3. You are talking very fast.
How fast you are talking !
4. Mike is a very tall boy.
What a tall boy Mike is !
5. It's a very beautiful flower.
What a beautiful flower it is !
6. They were very kind.
How kind they were !
7. This is a very interesting book.
What an interesting book this is !
8. It was very cold last night.
How cold it was last night !
9. They are very big houses.
What big houses they are !
10. Jane is a very pretty girl.
What a pretty girl Jane is !
11. My father is very busy.
How busy my father is !
12. It is a very easy book.
What an easy book it is !
13. She was very happy yesterday.
How happy she was yesterday !
14. The boys are very tall.
How tall the boys are !
15. Mary is playing the piano very well.
How well Mary is playing the piano !
16. That is a very old building.
What an old building that is !
17. This car is very nice.
How nice this car is!
18. It is a very fine day today.
What a fine day it is today !
19. The train is very fast.
How fast the train is !
20. The train is running very fast.
How fast the train is running !
21. That is a very fast train.
What a fast train that is !
22. They are very kind girls.
What kind girls they are !
23. This doll has very pretty eyes.
What pretty eyes this doll has !
24. She studies Enghsh very hard.
How hard she studies English !
25. They are singing very well.
How well they are singing !
26. The boys are practicing tennis very hard.
How hard the boys are practicing tennis !
27. He has a very nice car.
What a nice car he has !
28. How beautiful this flower is ! （Whatで書き換え）
What a beautiful flower this is !
29. How long this bridge is ! （Whatで書き換え）
What a long bridge this is !
30. How well Mary is singing ! （Whatで書き換え）
What a good singer Mary is !
31. How fast Tom is swimming ! （Whatで書き換え）
What a fast swimmer Tom is !
32. How well she is playing the piano ! （Whatで書き換え）
What a good pianist she is !
37) 助動詞を含む文の疑問文を作る場合、助動詞を文頭に移動するだけです。
例外
have [has] to は一般動詞の文として扱う ⇒ Do Doesで対応
be going to は be動詞の文として扱う ⇒ be動詞を前に
次の文を疑問文に書き換えなさい。
1. He is going to study English.
Is he going to study English ?
2. You can swim very well.
Can you swim very well ?
3. He must go there.
Must he go there ?
4. I may play the piano.
May I play the piano ?
5. You have to read this book.
Do you have to read this book ?
6. She will come here tomorrow.
Will she come here tomorrow ?
7. Bill has to help his father.
Does Bill have to help his father ?
8. We must speak English here.
Must we speak English here ?
9. We may go to bed now.
May we go to bed now ?
10. They have to start at once.
Do they have to start at once ?
11. You can write your name.
Can you write your name ?
12. She will play tennis tomorrow.
Will she play tennis tomorrow ?
13. You are going to clean your room.
Are you going to clean your room ?
14. She can ski very well.
Can she ski very well ?
15. You must read this book.
Must you read this book ?
38) 助動詞を含む文の否定文を作る場合、助動詞にnotをつけるだけです。
例外
have [has] to は一般動詞の文として扱う ⇒ don't have to / doesn't have to
be going to は be動詞の文として扱う ⇒ be動詞の後ろにnot
次の文を否定文に書き換えなさい。
1. My brother can speak French.
My brother can't speak French.
2. They are going to swim tomorrow.
They aren't going to swim tomorrow.
3. You have to wash the dishes.
You don't have to wash the dishes.
4. You may play the piano here.
You may not play the piano here.
5. She will buy a French doll.
She won't buy a French doll. ※ will not → won't
6. We had to clean the room.
We didn't have to clean the room.
7. Nancy can play the piano very well.
Nancy can't play the piano very well.
8. They will have to get up early.
They won't have to get up early. ※ will not → won't
9. You must use this dictionary.
You must not use this dictionary.
10. You may listen to the radio now.
You may not listen to the radio now.
11. We are going to go on a picnic.
We aren't going to go on a picnic. ピクニックをする
12. You had better take this bag.
You had better not take this bag. had better：～した方が良い notの位置に注意！
13. He will come here tomorrow.
He won't come here tomorrow. won't = will not
14. You will be able to play the guitar.
You won't
be able to play the guitar. won't = will
not
※ will に can の意味を加えたいときには will be able to を使う。 will can は ×
15. He could speak English.
He couldn't speak English.
39) 助動詞を含まない文に助動詞を加えるとき、動詞は必ず原形で用います。
その点に十分注意して、次の文に will を加えて未来のことを表す文 に言い換えなさい。
1. We have a birthday party.
We will have a birthday party.
2. Mr.Brown teaches English.
Mr.Brown will teach English.
3. My father is very busy.
My father will be very busy.
4. They make a lot of cakes.
They will make a lot of cakes.
5. Tom practices tennis very hard.
Tom will practice tennis very hard.
6. My sister doesn't go to the concert.
My sister won't go to the concert. ※ will not → won't
7. It is not very fine.
It won't be very fine. ※ will not → won't
8. We don't study French.
We won't study French. ※ will not → won't
9. Do you build a snowman ?
Will you build a snowman ? 雪だるま
10. Does your father visit London ?
Will your father visit London ?
11. Are we late for school ?
Will we be late for school ? ～に遅刻する
12. How many CDs do you buy ?
How many CDs will you buy ? ※ How many のあとは、複数名詞が来る。
13. What does your father do ?
What will your father do ?
14. My sister can swim well.
My sister will be able to swim well.
15. You must help your father.
You will have to help your father.
40) 助動詞を含まない文に助動詞を加えると、動詞は必ず原形になります。
その点に注意して、次の文を文末に与えられた助動詞を加えて言い換えなさい。
1. I play the guitar. (can)
I can play the guitar.
2. She speaks English. (cannot)
She cannot speak English.
3. My brother skates very well. (can)
My brother can skate very well.
4. You study English very hard. (must)
You must study English very hard.
5. She helps her mother every day. (has to)
She has to help her mother every day.
6. You read this book. (must not)
You must not read this book.
7. You go to the library. (don't have to)
You don't have to go to the library.
8. We play baseball here. (may)
We may play baseball here.
9. She plays tennis very well. (can)
She can play tennis very well.
10. You wash the car. (don't have to)
You don't have to wash the car.
11. That man on the bench is our teacher. (may)
That man on the bench may be our teacher.
12. You are very kind to children. (must)
You must be very kind to children.
13. You are careful. (should)
You should be careful.
14. My mother washes the dishes. (has to)
My mother has to wash the dishes.
15. They do their homework. (had to)
They had to do their homework.
41) 助動詞の用法と文の意味を考えながら、（ ）内の適当なものを選びなさい。
1. She (will have, will has, will had) lunch with him.
will have
2. I (will have to, will must) help my father tomorrow.
will have to
3. They (hadn't to, didn't have to) start so early.
didn't have to
4. We (won't can, won't be able to) climb the mountain.
won't be able to
5. He is absent today. He (shall, may, will) be sick.
may
6. What (will, shall)I do next ?
shall
7. You (may, must) go to bed late, but you must get up early.
may
8. (Shall, May) I take your pictures ? －Yes, please.
Shall
9. (Must, Shall, May) I go to bed now ? －Yes, of course.
may
10. It is cloudy. It (has to, will) rain in the afternoon.
will
11. (Shall, Can, May) we play tennis after school? 一Yes, let's.
Shall
12. This news (won't, can't, mustn't) be true.
can't
13. (May, Must) I listen to the radio here ? 一No, you must not.
May
14. You don't (must, have to) do your homework today.
have to
15. (Has she to, Does she have to) clean her room every day ?
Does she have to
16. (Will, Shall)I help you with your work ?
Shall
17. It (is going to, will be) rainy tomorrow.
will be ※ be going to だと雨が確実に降ることになる。 あくまで予想なので will be。
18. (May, Will, Shall) you have some coffee ?
Will
19. I (can, may, will) not do such a thing again.
will ※ will は意思、「私は二度とそんなことはしないつもりだ。」
20. There are no taxis. We (will be able, will have) to walk.
will have
21. (Must, Should, Can) I do it now ? 一No, you don't have to.
Must
22. (Will, Shall, Can) I bring your bag ? －No, thank you.
Shall ※ shall I～？ 私が～しましょうか？
23. You (had not better, had better not) make a noise here.
had better not ※ notの位置に注意！
24. (Will, Can) I borrow your dictionary'?
Can
25. You don't have much time. You (will, shall, must) hurry.
must
26. (Will, Can) you leave for America ?
= Are you going to leave for America ?
Will
27. You (mustn't, don't have to) watch
TV now.
= Don't watch TV now.
mustn't
28. (Must, May, Shall) we do the work
now ?
= Do we have to do the work now ?
Must
29. She (had to, could, would) ride a
horse.
= She was able to ride a horse.
could
30. (Will, Shall) we go to the pool?
= Let's go to the pool.
Shall
42a)◆ 不定詞の名詞的用法
① 名詞的用法「～すること」 主語と目的語になる
「～すること」と訳せばいい。
1) I want to buy the bike.
私はその自転車を買いたいです．
2) To learn English is interesting.
英語を学ぶことはおもしろいです．
3) My dream is to be a doctor.
私の夢は医者になることです．
4) Jim decided to buy a new coat.
ジムは新しいコートを買うことを決めました．
5) To study every day is important.
毎日勉強することが大切です．
6) My plan is to study abroad.
私の計画は留学することです．
7) I decided not to be late for school again.
私は二度と学校に遅刻しないと決心しました．
8) My dream is to be an astronaut.
私の夢は宇宙飛行士になることです．
9) I want to be a cook in the future.
私は将来，コック［シェフ］になりたいです．
10) Our family's plan is to build a new house.
私たちの家族の計画は新しい家を建てることです．
11) My father decided not to buy the car.
私の父はその車を買わないことに決めました．
12) My sister hopes to travel around the world someday.
私の姉[妹]はいつか世界中を旅行することを望んでいます．
13) To read books in such a dark room is bad for your eyes.
そんな暗い部屋で本を読むのは目に悪いです．
14) Ken and Tom don't want to talk to each other.
Do you know the reason?
ケンとトムはお互いに話をしたがりません．
その理由を知っていますか？
15) I decided to be a doctor to help people.
私は人々を助けるために医者になろうと決めました．
16) To live abroad is the best way to master a foreign language.
外国に住むことが外国語を習得する一番よい方法です．
② 副詞的用法 ～するために・～なので」
・happy,sad,gladなどの直後に置いて感情の原因を表す用法もある
・次の文を用法に意識して和訳しましょう。
17) I got up early to catch the first train.
私は始発電車に乗るために早く起きました．
18) I went to the station to meet Mr. Lee.
私はリーさんを迎えるために駅へ行った．
19) I study English to talk with people around the world.
私は世界中の人々と話すために英語を勉強しています．
20) I study English to read English news on the Internet.
私はインターネット上の英語ニュースを読むために英語を勉強しています．
21) Why did you get up so early?
― To watch the soccer game on TV.
なぜそんなに早く起きたのですか．
― テレビでサッカーの試合を見るためです．
22) I raised my hand to ask some questions. raise「～を上げる」
私はいくつか質問をするために，手を上げた．
23) I'm glad to see you.
私はあなたにお会いできてうれしいです．
24) He must be a genius to solve such a problem.
そんな問題が解けるなんて，彼は天才にちがいありません．
25) I was sad to hear the news.
私はその知らせを聞いて悲しかった．
26) They were surprised to know the fact.
彼らはその事実を知って驚いた．
27) You must be tired to make such a mistake.
そんなまちがいをするなんて君は疲れているにちがいない．
28) I was very happy to get a lot of flowers for my birthday.
私は誕生日にたくさんの花をもらってとてもうれしかったです．
29) You were careless to leave your umbrella on the bus.
バスにかさを置き忘れるとは，君は不注意だったね．「～を置き忘れる」leave
30) Ms. Tanaka must be rich to have such an expensive car.
そんな高価な車を持っているなんて，田中さん［先生］はお金持ちにちがいない．
31) Mike was very glad to get a present from his friend.
マイクは友だちから贈り物［プレゼント］をもらってとてもうれしかった．
32) You were careless to make such a mistake.
そんなまちがいをするなんて，あなたは不注意でしたね．
②形容詞的用法「～するための・～すべき」 前の名詞に係っていく
time way の後の to不定詞 は 形容詞的用法 であることが多い。
次の文を用法に意識して和訳しましょう。
33) I have some books to read this week.
私には今週読むべき本が何冊かあります．
34) I want something cold to drink.
私は何か冷たい飲み物がほしいです．
35) They didn't have a house to live in.
彼らには住む家がありませんでした．
36) I have a lot of things to do today.
私には今日すべきことがたくさんあります．
37) There are a lot of places to visit around here.
このあたりには訪れるべき場所がたくさんあります．
38) I want something hot to eat.
私は何か温かい食べ物がほしい．
39) Jim has something to eat.
ジムは何か食べるものを持っています．
40) Jim has something to eat with.
ジムは食べる道具を持っています．
41) I have a lot of things to talk about.
私には話すべきことがたくさんあります．
42) My sister has a lot of homework to do tonight.
姉には今夜するべき宿題がたくさんあります．
43) The young person didn't have a house to live in.
その若者には住む家がありませんでした．
44) Do you have a knife?
I don't have anything to cut this cake with.
ナイフを持っていますか．
私はこのケーキを切るものを何も持っていません．
45) I decided to be a doctor to help people.
私は人々を助けるために医者になろうと決めました．
46) To live abroad is the best way to master a foreign language.
外国に住むことが外国語を習得する一番よい方法です．
42) 不定詞の見分け方（演習編）
①名詞的用法「～すること」
②形容詞的用法「～するための・～すべき」
③副詞的用法「～するために・～なので」
日本語に訳してから不定詞の用法を判断するのではなく、文の構造から不定詞の用法を見分けられるようになると、英文を読むのが早くなる。
・次の文を不定詞の用法をどれか指摘し、かつ日本語になおしなさい。
1. I want to listen to rock music.
名詞的用法 ： 私はロックミュージックを聞きたい。
2. I went to the concert to listen to rock music.
副詞的用法 ： 私はロックミュージックを聞くためにコンサートへ行った。
3. I am very glad to listen to rock music.
副詞的用法 ： 私はロックミュージックを聞けて大変嬉しい。
4. He went to the library to study history.
副詞的用法 ： 彼は歴史の勉強をするために図書館へ行った。
5. My brother likes to study animals.
名詞的用法 ： 私の弟は動物の勉強をするのが好きです。
6. To study English is not interesting to me.
名詞的用法 ： 英語を勉強することは私にとっておもしろくない。
7. We have a lot of things to do today.
形容詞的用法 ： 私達は今日しなければならないことがたくさんあります。
8. I don't want to do this English homework.
名詞的用法 ： 私はこの英語の宿題をしたくない。
9. Why did you get up so early ? To do my homework.
副詞的用法 ： あなたはどうしてそんなに早く起きたのですか。宿題をするためです。
10. He must work hard to help his father.
副詞的用法 ： 彼はお父さんを助けるために一生懸命働かなければなりません。
11. She began to help her mother in the kitchen.
名詞的用法 ： 彼女は台所で母親の手伝いをしはじめた。
12. There are a lot of interesting things to see in Paris.
形容詞的用法 ： パリには見るべきおもしろいものがたくさんある。
13. I am very glad to see you again.
副詞的用法 ： 私はあなたにまたお会いできて大変嬉しい。
14. Will you give me something to read, please ?
形容詞的用法 ： どうか私に何か読むものを下さいませんか。
15. My sister likes to read comic books very much.
名詞的用法 ： 私の妹は漫画本を読むのが大変好きです。
16. Yesterday I went to the hospital to see my sister.
副詞的用法 ： 昨日私は妹の見舞いに病院へ行った。
17. Did he want to see my sister in the hospital?
名詞的用法 ： 彼は病院にいる私の妹に会いたかったのですか。
18. Those girls don't like to catch fish in the river.
名詞的用法 ： あの少女たちは川で魚釣りをするのは好きではありません。
19. Did the boys run to catch the bus ?
副詞的用法 ： その少年たちはバスに間に合うために走ったのですか。
20. Will you please give me something to eat ?
形容詞的用法 ： どうか私に何か食べるものを下さいませんか。
21. We went to a restaurant to eat Mexican food.
副詞的用法 ： 私達はメキシコ料理を食べるためにレストランへ行った。
22. My brother's hobby is to play tennis and baseball.
名詞的用法 ： 私の弟の趣味はテニスと野球をすることです。
23. He went to the park to play tennis with his friends.
副詞的用法 ： 彼は友達とテニスをするために公園へ行った。
24. They wanted to buy some interesting books.
名詞的用法 ： 彼らは何かおもしろい本を買いたかった。
25. My mother went to a supermarket to buy some milk.
副詞的用法 ： 私の母はミルクを少し買うためにスーパーマーケットへ行った。
26. She will go to the United States to learn English.
副詞的用法 ： 彼女は英語を学ぶために合衆国へ行きます。
27. Which do you want to learn English or French ?
名詞的用法 ： あなたは英語とフランス語のどちらを学びたいですか。
28. I wanted to sit but there were no chairs to sit on.
形容詞的用法 ： 私は座りたかったけれどそこには座るための椅子はなかった。
29. I want to go to the concert to enjoy rock music.
副詞的用法 ： 私はロックミュージックを楽しむためにコンサートへ行きたい。
30. Do you want to take a taxi home or to walk home ?
どちらも名詞的用法 ： あなたは家までタクシーに乘って帰りたいですか、それとも歩いて帰りたいですか。
31. Your parents will be very glad to hear the news.
副詞的用法 ： あなたの両親はその知らせを聞くと大変喜ぶでしょう。
32. Do you like to learn about Japan ?
名詞的用法 ： あなたは日本について学ぶことが好きですか。
43） ing形の判別 現在分詞（進行形）と動名詞
①現在分詞 → be動詞＋～ing の形で進行形を作り、
「～している・いた」を意味するing形。
②動名詞 → ingがつくことにより、動詞が名詞化し、「～すること」と訳す。
文の主語、動詞や前置詞の目的語になる。
Q. ing形が動名詞であるか現在分詞であるかに注意して、次の文を日本語になおしなさい。
1. He was studying English then.
彼はそのとき英語を勉強していた。 (現在分詞)
2. Studying English is very important.
英語を勉強することはとても大切です。 （動名詞）
3. She is writing a letter in her room.
彼女は自分の部屋で手紙を書いています。 (現在分詞)
4. Writing a story in English isn't easy.
英語で物語を書くのは簡単ではない。 （動名詞）
5. My father was driving very fast.
私の父はとても速く運転していた。 (現在分詞)
6. Driving a car is not easy.
車を運転することはやさしくない。 （動名詞）
7. They are watching television now.
彼らは今テレビを見ています。 (現在分詞)
8. Watching television is interesting.
テレビを見ることはおもしろい。 （動名詞）
9. She was taking a dog in the park.
彼女は公園で犬を連れていた。 (現在分詞)
10. My hobby is taking pictures.
私の趣味は写真を撮ることです。 （動名詞）
11. My sister is sleeping now.
妹は今眠っています。 (現在分詞)
12. Sleeping is necessary to all animals.
寝ることはすべての動物に必要です。 （動名詞）
13. They are playing tennis over there.
彼らは向こうでテニスをしています。 (現在分詞)
14. My brother is good at playing the violin.
兄はバイオリンを弾くのが得意です。 （動名詞）
15. Many boys are swimming in the sea.
多くの少年たちが海で泳いでいます。 (現在分詞)
16. Swimming in the sea is a lot of fun.
海で泳ぐことはとても楽しい。 （動名詞）
17. An old man was making a speech in the park.
老人が公園で演説をしていました。 (現在分詞)
18. Making a speech is very difficult.
演説をすることはとても難しい。 （動名詞）
19. Jane is dancing with her boyfriend.
ジヱーンは彼女のボーイフレンドと踊っています。 (現在分詞)
20. They enjoyed dancing very much.
彼らは踊って大変楽しんだ。 （動名詞）
21. He is listening to the radio now.
彼は今ラジオを聞いています。 (現在分詞)
22. I like listening to the radio.
私はラジオを聞くことが好きです。 （動名詞）
23. Lucy was reading a book then.
ルーシーはその時本を読んでいました。 (現在分詞)
24. She is fond of reading books.
彼女は本を読むのが好きです。 （動名詞）
25. They are working very hard.
彼らはとても熱心に働いている。 (現在分詞)
26. They began working very hard.
彼らはとても熱心に働き始めた。 （動名詞）
27. The children were playing in the park.
子供達はその公園で遊んでいました。 (現在分詞)
28. The children stopped playing in the park.
子供達はその公園で遊ぶのをやめました。 （動名詞）
29. My father is smoking now.
父は今たばこを吸っています。 (現在分詞)
30. Smoking is not good for health.
たばこを吸うのは健康によくありません。 （動名詞）
31. All the students were swimming.
生徒全員が泳いでいました。 (現在分詞)
32. All the students enjoyed swimming.
生徒全員が泳ぐのを楽しみました。 （動名詞）
44) 不定詞とing形の用法を整理してみましょう。
① 不定詞の3用法（名詞的 副詞的 形容詞的）
② 不定詞を目的語にとる動詞 （まだやってない）
③ 動名詞を目的語にとる動詞 （すでにしてしまった 今やっているところ）
④ 前置詞+動名詞 （熟語表現として覚えよう！）
⑤ 現在進行形・過去進行形を作る
・目的語に不定詞を取る動詞と、動名詞を取る動詞の見分け方
to不定詞は、「まだ実現・実行していないことに、これから向かう」イメージ。
まだ実現していない出来事について、「これから実現しよう」「実現できたらいいな」というニュアンスの動詞は、to不定詞を目的語にとります
動名詞は「動作の途中・すでに起きた出来事や行為」のイメージ。
動詞のイメージで区別しよう！
次の文の意味を考えながら、( )内の語のうち適当なものを選びなさい。
1. I want (to read, reading) this English book.
to read ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
2. My brother is fond of (to play, playing) tennis.
playing ※ be fond of～ ing ～するのが好き
3. Our teacher is (to play, playing) the violin in the room.
playing ※ 現在進行形
4. We went to the ball park (to see, seeing) the game.
to see ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
5. My mother was (to wash, washing) the dishes then.
washing ※ 過去進行形
6. Mr.Brown is good at (to drive, driving) a car.
driving ※ be good at ～ing ～するのが上手
7. When I came home, she was (to watch, watching) TV.
watching ※ 過去進行形
8. He went out without (to have, having) breakfast.
having ※ without ～ing ～することなしで
9. I went there (to play, playing) baseball with them.
to play ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
10. They hoped (to visit, visiting) London.
to visit ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
11. Did you finish (to read, reading) this newspaper ?
reading ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
12. Do they want (to make, making) a model plane ?
to make ※ want to～ ～したい
13. Did you run (to catch, catching) the bus ?
to catch ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
14. When did they enjoy (to play, playing) soccer ?
playing ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
15. When I went to the park, it began (to rain, raining).
to rain [raining] ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。今回はどちらとも考えられるので、不定詞・動名詞どちらでもいい。
16. He tried (to answer, answering) the difficult question.
to answer ※ try to～ ～しようとする / try ～ing 試しに～してみる
17. We got some money by (to sell, selling) flowers.
selling ※ 前置詞のあとは動名詞
18. It will stop (to rain, raining) soon.
raining ※ stop ～ing ～することをやめる / stop to ～ ～するために立ち止まる
19. I had to stay home (to help, helping) my mother.
to help ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
20. There are a lot of places (to see, seeing) in Paris.
to see ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
21. Please lend me interesting books (to read, reading).
to read ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
22. Why did you stop (to study, studying) Chinese ?
studying ※ stop ～ing ～することをやめる / stop to ～ ～するために立ち止まる
23. I have a lot of things (to do, doing) today.
to do ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
24. I wish (to talk, talking) with that artist.
to talk ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。
25. Where are they going (to play, playing) baseball?
to play ※ 未来（予定）を表す ｂｅ ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏ
26. I'm looking forward to (see, seeing) him.
seeing ※ look forward to ～ing ～するのを楽しみにしている
27. We had no time (to visit, visiting) the museum.
to visit ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
28. What book was she (to read, reading) there at that time ?
reading ※ 過去進行形 （文末のthenや、 at that timeは過去進行形の特徴）
29. I'll have (to clean, cleaning) my own room tomorrow.
to clean ※ have to ～ ～する必要がある
30. We are hoping (to visit, visiting) France this year.
to visit ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。
45) 受動態の形式は2種類
① 目的語＋ am/is/are/was/were + 過去分詞 ＋（by もとの主語）
② 目的語＋ 助動詞（not） + be ＋ 過去分詞 ＋（by もとの主語）
能動態の文が受動態の文に変わるということは、一般動詞の文はBe動詞の文に変わるということです。助動詞を含む文は形式は変わっても助動詞の文のままです。
否定文を作るには ①の受動態の文ではBe動詞の直後にnotを加え、②の受動態の文では助動詞の直後にnotを加えます。
疑問文を作るには ①の受動態の文ではBe動詞を文頭に移動し、②の受動態の文では助動詞を文頭に移動します(beは移動しません)。
なお、例外的にby以外の前置詞を必要とする表現にも注意しましょう。
次の文を受動態に書き換えなさい。
1. We study English at school.
English is studied at school (by us). ※ 一般人を指す主語は受動態にした場合、省略するのが通常。
2. Mary cleans the room every day.
The room is cleaned by Mary every day.
3. My brother washes the car.
The car is washed by my brother.
4. Mr.Smith built this house.
This house was built by Mr.Smith.
5. The boy broke the window yesterday.
The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
6. You must clean this room.
This room must be cleaned by you.
7. She will teach English.
English will be taught by her.
8. I don't like this cat.
This cat isn't liked by me.
9. My father doesn't wash the car.
The car isn't washed by my father.
10. They don't sell these books.
These books aren't sold by them.
11. My sister doesn't open these windows.
These windows aren't opened by my sister.
12. Nancy didn't write those letters.
Those letters weren't written by Nancy.
13. I didn't do the English homework.
The English homework wasn't done by me.
14. She didn't eat all the apples.
All the apples weren't eaten by her.
15. You didn't bring the book.
The book wasn't brought by you.
16. Nancy won't take this bag.
This bag won't be taken by Nancy.
17. Tom cannot read this book.
This book cannot be read by Tom.
18. Does your sister use this desk ?
Is this desk used by your sister?
19. Do her friends help Nancy ?
Is Nancy helped by her friends?
20. Do you speak English here ?
Is English spoken here by you?
21. Did your uncle paint this picture ?
Was this picture painted by your uncle?
22. Did the doctor save many people ?
Were many people saved by the doctor?
23. Did they close the library at six ?
Was the library closed at six by them?
24. Will he drive this car ?
Will this car be driven by him?
25. Must you clean your room ?
Must your room be cleaned by you?
26. When do you help your mother ?
When is your mother helped by you?
27. Where does he sell the flowers ?
Where are the flowers sold by him?
28. How many books did you buy ?
How many books were bought by you?
29. Where can I buy this book ?
Where can this book be bought by me?
30. Why will they build the tower there ?
Why will the tower be built there by them?
46) 受動態の文を能動態の文に変えると、
① 目的語＋ am/is/are/was/were + 過去分詞 ＋（by もとの主語）の受動態の文は一般動詞の文に変化してBe動詞が消えてなくなる
② 目的語＋ 助動詞（not） + be ＋ 過去分詞 ＋（by もとの主語）の受動態の文は助動詞を含む文ですが、「助動詞+動詞の原形」に変わります。
次の文を能動態に書き換えなさい。
1. The car is washed by him every day.
He washes the car every day.
2. That car is driven by my brother.
My brother drives that car.
3. This story was written by Mr.Smith.
Mr.Smith wrote this story.
4. Those books were carried by them.
They carried those books.
5. This story will be read by the boys.
The boys will read this story.
6. The car isn't washed by him.
He doesn't wash the car.
7. French isn't studied in our school.
We don't study French in our school.
8. Those dolls weren't made by her.
She didn't make those dolls.
9. The story wasn't told by him.
He didn't tell the story.
10. Those CDs won't be used by him.
He won't use those CDs.
11. Is your room cleaned by your mother ?
Does your mother clean your room?
12. Were these windows broken by them ?
Did they break these windows?
13. Will the book be read by her ?
Will she read the book?
14. When was this house built by him ?
When did he build this house?
15. Where was the camera bought by you ?
Where did you buy the camera?
47) 疑問詞を使った疑問文の作り方
「What」 は 「何」
「Who」 は「誰」
「Whose」 は 「誰の」
「Which」 は 「どちらの」
「Where」 は 「どこ」
「When」 は 「いつ」
「Why」 は 「なぜ」
「How many」 は 「いくつ」
「How much」 は 「いくら」
「How long」 は 「どのくらい長いかどのくらい続くか」
「How old」 は 「何歳かどのくらい古いか」
「How tall」 は 「どのくらい高いか（身長）」
「How high」 は 「どのくらい高いか（高さ）」
「How far」 は 「どのくらい遠いかどのくらい離れているか」
「How often」 は 「どのくらい頻繁にどれくらいの頻度で」
疑問詞の種類と意味を確認しましょう。
疑問詞の後ろに、英文の残りの部分を疑問文の語順にしてくっつければいいだけです
次の文の（ ）内をたずねる疑問文を答えなさい。
1. The boys are going (to the British Museum) tomorrow.
Where are the boys going tomorrow?
2. You stayed at home (because it was raining hard).
Why did you stay at home?
3. That tower is (about two hundred feet high).
How high is the tower?
4. His sister likes (this doll better than that one).
Which does his sister like, this doll or that one?
5. It is (about ten miles) from here to the airport.
How far is it from here to the airport?
6. Your family (enjoyed playing tennis) last Sunday.
What did your family do last Sunday?
7. Tom got up early (to take his dog for a walk).
Why did Tom get up early?
8. Mr.and Ms.Jones were (very well).
How were Mr.and Ms.Jones?
9. His new bike is (200 dollars).
How much is his new bike?
10. His family stayed in London (for three weeks).
How long did his family stay in London?
11. The boys and girls liked Nagasaki (very much).
How did the boys and girls like Nagasaki? ※ どうだった？と程度を聞いているので How
12. Our teacher comes to school (by car).
How does our teacher come to school? ※ どうやって（手段）を聞いているので How
13. (My sister) made that pretty basket.
Who made that pretty basket?
14. His brother is going to spend Christmas holidays (in Hawaii).
Where is his brother going to spend Christmas holidays?
15. Mr.Wilson came back from Canada (last August).
When did Mr.Wilson come back from Canada?
48) 多義語動詞（2つ以上の意味を表す重要な動詞）
get, have, look, take, keep, find, grow, make, buy, try, call, be
次の文を動詞の意味に注意して日本語になおしなさい。
1. I got a letter from Maria this morning.
私は今朝マリアから一通の手紙を受け取りました。
2. I must get some fruit in the market.
私は市場で少し果物を買わなければならない。
3. Your daughter will soon get well.
あなたのお嬢さんはすぐに良くなるでしょう。
4. My father usually gets home about eight.
私の父はたいてい8時頃に帰宅します。
5. What do you have in your right hand ?
あなたは右手に何をもっていますか。
6. I had sandwiches and orange juice for lunch.
私は昼食にサンドイッチとオレンジジュースを食べました。
7. The boys had a very good time in the park.
少年達は公園で大変楽しい時を過ごしました。
8. My mother looks young in a white blouse.
私の母は白のブラウスを着ると若く見える。
9. Mary looks like her mother.
メアリーは母親に非常に似ている。
10. You must look carefully before you cross the street.
あなたは道を渡る前には十分注意して見なければならない。
11. Will you take me to town today ?
今日私を町へ連れて行ってくれませんか。
12. It takes nine hours from Tokyo to San Francisco by plane.
東京からサンフランシスコまで飛行機で9時間かかります。
13. We took a lot of pictures in Spain.
私達はスペインでたくさん写真を撮りました。
14. Please keep this book for me.
どうか私のためにこの本をとっておいて下さい。
15. My sister keeps a little bird.
妹は小鳥を飼っています。
16. Always keep your money in a safe place.
お金はいつも安全な場所にしまっておきなさい。
17. He found the key of his bicycle in the kitchen.
彼は台所で彼の自転車の鍵を見つけました。
18. I found that the computer games were very exciting.
そのコンピューターゲームは大変面白いということが分かった。
19. My uncle grows wheat on his farm.
私のおじは農場で小麦を栽培しています。
20. My younger brother is growing very fast.
弟は大変速く成長しています。
21. Did you make this dress or buy it ?
あなたはこのドレスを作ったのですか、それとも買ったのですか。
22. Will you make me a cup of coffee ?
私にコーヒーを一杯いれてくれませんか。
23. My brother bought a radio at the department store.
兄はデパートでラジオを買いました。
24. My uncle bought me a new bicycle for my birthday.
おじは私の誕生日に新しい自転車を買ってくれました。
25. I don't think I can do it, but I'll try.
私はそれをやることが出来ないと思うがやってみるつもりだ。
26. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not.
彼はその木に登ろうとしたができなかった。 ※ try to～ ～しようとする
27. I called him this morning but he was out.
今朝 彼に電話したけれども彼はでかけていた。
28. What do you call your little dog ?
あなたはあなたの小犬を何と呼んでいますか。
29. My brother is a doctor and my sister is a nurse.
兄は医者で妹は看護婦です。
30. I want to be a pilot when I grow up.
私は大人になったらパイロットになりたい。
31. Your mother was in the supermarket.
あなたのお母さんはスーパーマーケットにいました。
32. My father will be here soon.
私の父はもうすぐここへ来るでしょう。
49) 長い文の一部でありながら、「主語+動詞」の構造をもつ語群のことを節と呼びます。
接続詞 thatによって導かれる名詞節や、接続詞 When, If, After, Because, Though などによって導かれる副詞節を含む 次の文を日本語になおしなさい。
1. My parents think that I am watching too much TV these days.
両親は私が最近テレビを見過ぎていると思っています。
2. I found that the video game was very interesting.
私はビデオゲームが大変面白(いということが分)かった。
3. The radio says that it's going to rain in the afternoon.
ラジオでは午後に雨が降るだろうと予報しています。
4. I hope that the warm spring will soon be here.
私は暖かい春がもうすぐここに来ればいいなあと思います。
5. I believe that they will come here tomorrow.
私は彼らが明日ここへ来ると信じています。
6. Please call me as soon as you get to the airport.
どうか空港に着いたらすぐ私に電話して下さい。
7. After I finished homework, I enjoyed a crossword puzzle.
私は宿題を済ませた後クロスワードパズルを楽しみました。
8. Before I go, I must phone my parents.
私は出かけるまえに両親に電話しなければなりません。
9. I couldn't go out because it rained hard yesterday.
昨日は雨が激しく降ったので私は出かけることができませんでした。
10. I'm glad that you are coming.
私はあなたが来るので嬉しい。
11. The milk is so hot that the baby can't drink it.
ミルクが大変熱いのでその赤ん坊はそれを飲むことができない。
12. Though she didn't know me, she
helped me.
(比較) She didn't know me but she helped me.
彼女は私を知らなかったけれども私を助けてくれた。
彼女は私を知らなかったがしかし私を助けてくれた。
13. When I was a boy, I was fond of
fishing in the lake.
(比較) Do you know when the new airport will be opened ?
私は少年の頃、湖で魚釣りをするのが好きでした。
あなたは新空港がいつオープンされるのか知っていますか。