manabiplus

BASIC CLASSIC 2 もくじ

  1. 過去形
  2. 一般動詞を使う過去の文 (不規則動詞)
  3. 過去形の疑問文
  4. 一般動詞(過去) ・ be動詞(過去)の疑問文・答え方
  5. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞(過去) の文
  6. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞(過去)の文
  7. 目的語を2つとる動詞
  8. 目的語を2つとる動詞
  9. 補語をとる動詞
  10. 文型の変換
  11. 過去形の否定文
  12. 語尾の発音
  13. 過去進行形
  14. 現在進行形・過去進行形の文
  15. 副詞と形容詞
  16. 比較級・最上級の作り方
  17. 比較 和訳
  18. 比較 型
  19. 形容詞の比較級
  20. 形容詞の最上級
  21. 原級・比較級・最上級の使い分け
  22. 比較穴埋め
  23. 原級を使う表現
  24. 形容詞の比較級・最上級
  25. 形容詞の原級・比較級・最上級
  26. 副詞の比較級/最上級
  27. 副詞の比較級/最上級
  28. 副詞の比較級/最上級
  29. いろいろな比較の表現
  30. いろいろな比較の表現
  31. 感嘆文
  32. have [has] to
  33. be able to ~
  34. 助動詞と同じはたらきをする語句
  35. 助動詞 疑問文
  36. 助動詞 否定文
  37. 助動詞 will
  38. 助動詞 まとめ
  39. 助動詞の意味・種類
  40. 助動詞 まとめ (応用)
  41. 助動詞を使ういろいろな表現
  42. 助動詞を使ういろいろな表現
  43. 不定詞 名詞的用法
  44. 不定詞 副詞的用法
  45. 不定詞一副詞的用法(目的を表す用法)
  46. 不定詞一副詞的用法(目的を表す用法)
  47. 不定詞一名詞的用法・副詞的用法
  48. 不定詞 形容詞的用法
  49. 不定詞一形容詞的用法と他の用法
  50. 不定詞一形容詞的用法
  51. 不定詞 3用法まとめ
  52. 不定詞 3用法まとめ 和訳
  53. to +動詞の原形〉を含むいろいろな表現
  54. 動名詞の意味とはたらき
  55. 動名詞を目的語とする動詞
  56. 動名詞・現在分詞 2種類の-ing形
  57. 不定詞・動名詞・現在分詞
  58. 能動態と受動態
  59. 能動態 → 受動態
  60. 受動態と能動態
  61. 受け身の文
  62. 注意すべき受け身の文
  63. 助動詞を含む受け身の文
  64. 受け身を使ったいろいろな表現
  65. 疑問詞一覧 No.2
  66. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞の文・ be動詞の文
  67. 多義語の動詞
  68. 節と接続詞
  69. 前置詞と句
  70. 時 / 期間を表す前置詞
  71. 場所を表す前置詞
  72. 前置詞を含む連語
  73. 前置詞を含む重要表現
  74. itの特別用法
  75. and / or / but / so
  76. 命令文,and / or
  77. 接続詞のwhen
  78. because / if
  79. 接続詞のthat
  80. いろいろな接続詞

1. 過去形

過去のことを表現するには、動詞を過去形になおします。
動詞の過去形は、原形の語尾にd, edを付け加えるだけですが、例外的に不規則な変化をする動詞もあります。

・語尾が「-e」で終わる動詞は、語尾に「-d」を付ける。

例:
「like(好き)」→ like / liked / liked 
「love(愛する)」→ love / loved / loved 
「smile(微笑む)」→ smile / smiled / smiled

・語尾が「子音字+y」で終わる動詞は、「y」を「i」に変えてから語尾に「-ed」を付ける。
語尾が「母音字+y」で終わる動詞は、そのまま語尾に「-ed」を付ける。

例:
「study(勉強する)」→ study / studied / studied 
「copy(コピーする)」→ copy / copied / copied
「play(遊ぶ)」→ play / played /played
「stay(滞在する)」→ stay / stayed / stayed

・語尾が「母音字 +子音字」で終わる動詞は、子音字を重ねて語尾に「-ed」を付ける。
ただし母音字が長母音や二重母音の場合や、語尾の母音字にアクセントがない場合は、そのまま語尾に「-ed」を付ける。

例:
「stop(止める)」→ stop / stopped / stopped 
「step(ステップする)」→ step / stepped / stepped
「heat(燃やす)」→ heat / heated / heated
「visit(訪れる)」→ visit / visited / visited

また、否定文・疑問文では動詞の過去形は使いません。didn't / Did を使うだけです。

・否定文
I don't want the book.
I didn't want the book.
・疑問文
Do you know me?
Did you know me?

 次の文を過去形の文に言い換えなさい。

1. My sister is very happy.
My sister was very happy.
2. There are many young girls in the department store.
There were many young girls in the department store.
3. I am a good tennis player.
I was a good tennis player.
4. You are a junior high school student.
You were a junior high school student.
5. Dick is in a car with his father.
Dick was in a car with his father.
6. The girl has some books in her hand.
The girl had some books in her hand.
7. I play tennis with my father after lunch.
I played tennis with my father after lunch.
8. My uncle lives in New York.
My uncle lived in New York.
9. The girls study English very hard.
The girls studied English very hard.
10. My father reads an English newspaper.
My father read an English newspaper.
11. The young woman speaks Japanese very well.
The young woman spoke Japanese very well.
12. My sisters make pretty dolls.
My sisters made pretty dolls.
13. Tom and Fred watch the game on TV.
Tom and Fred watched the game on TV.
14. I go to the swimming pool with my father.
I went to the swimming pool with my father.
15. We walk to the park with dogs.
We walked to the park with dogs.
16. My mother teaches English at school.
My mother taught English at school.
17. My father is not very busy.
My father wasn't very busy.
18. There are not any children in his car.
There weren't any children in his car.
19. I don't go to school with my sister.
I didn't go to school with my sister.
20. My brother doesn't wash his car.
My brother didn't wash his car.
21. The boys don't swim after school.
The boys didn't swim after school.
22. Is your mother sick ?
Was your mother sick ?
23. Are there any students in the library ?
Were there any students in the library ?
24. Does your sister like the little dog ?
Did your sister like the little dog ?
25. Do you come to school by bus or by bicycle ?
Did you come to school by bus or by bicycle ?
26. Do your parents play golf with his friends ?
Did your parents play golf with his friends ?
27. What is in the big bag ?
What was in the big bag ?
28. How are your grandfather and grandmother ?
How were your grandfather and grandmother ?
29. Where does your brother live ?
Where did your brother live ?
30. What time does the game begin ?
What time did the game begin ?
31. Who teaches English at your school?
Who taught English at your school ?

2. 一般動詞を使う過去の文(不規則動詞)

次の文の___に,あとの( ) 内の動詞を適当な形になおして書き入れなさい。

 (1) The soccer game _________ one hour ago. ( begin )
began
 (2) Someone _________ the window last night, ( break )
broke
 (3) They _________ this house two years ago. ( build )
built
 (4) I _________ a dictionary yesterday. ( buy )
bought
 (5) He _________ a big fish yesterday, ( catch )
caught
 (6) Mary _________ to Japan last year. ( come )
came
 (7) I _________ the English homework last Saturday. ( do )
did
 (8) My brother _________ to Kyoto last Sunday, ( drive )
drove
 (9) We _________ Japanese food at dinner yesterday. ( eat )
ate
 (10) My father _________ a nice camera to me for my last birthday. ( give )
gave
 (11) I _________ to the library yesterday. ( go )
went
 (12) We _________ a very good time last night. ( have )
had
 (13) The plane _________ for New York two hours ago. ( leave )
left
 (14) My mother _________ a big birthday cake for me last year. ( make )
made
 (15) I _________ three books last week. ( read )
read
 (16) Mike _________ to the school yesterday morning. ( run )
ran
 (17) He _________ goodbye and walked away. ( say )
said
 (18) I_________ Mr. Young at the station yesterday. ( see )
saw
 (19) Akio _________ with Mr. Young in English yesterday, ( speak )
spoke
 (20) My father _________ us to the zoo last week. ( take )
took
 (21) He _________ English at this school last year, ( teach )
taught

3. 過去形の疑問文

① Be動詞の文 と ② 一般動詞の文の疑問文 の作り方の違いに注意して、次の文を疑問文に書き換えなさい。

1. The dog was very big.
Was the dog very big ?
2. They were very kind to you.
Were they very kind to you ?
3. There were some boys in the pool.
Were there any boys in the pool ?
4. Nancy was in Tokyo last year.
Was Nancy in Tokyo last year ?
5. Tom was at home then.
Was Tom at home then ?
6. Mary helped her mother.
Did Mary help her mother ?
7. They finished their homework.
Did they finish their homework ?
8. She listened to the radio.
Did she listen to the radio ?
9. They liked tennis very much.
Did they like tennis very much ?
10. His sister answered the question.
Did his sister answer the question ?
11. She went to church last Sunday.
Did she go to church last Sunday ?
12. Nancy had a very beautiful doll.
Did Nancy have a very beautiful doll ?
13. Mike bought the bicycle.
Did Mike buy the bicycle ?
14. The game began at eight.
Did the game begin at eight ?
15. My uncle came last night.
Did my uncle come last night ?

4. 一般動詞(過去) ・ be動詞(過去)の疑問文・答え方

次の文の___________________に,適当な語を書き入れなさい。

 (1) ________________ you busy last week? / No, I ________________ .
Were, wasn't
 (2) ________________ you cut the tree yesterday? / Yes, I ________________ .
Did, did
 (3) ________________ they in the park then? / Yes, they ________________ .
Were, were
 (4) ________________ they finish the work yesterday? / No, they ________________ .
Did, didn't
 (5) ________________ Mike late for school this morning? / Yes, he ________________ .
Was, was
 (6) ________________ Mike come to Japan last year? / Yes, he ________________ .
Did, did
 (7) ________________ Mr. Sato in the classroom then? / No, he ________________ .
Was, wasn't
 (8) ________________ Mr. Sato visit Kyoto last year? / No, he ________________ .
Did, didn't
 (9) ________________ Jane sick in bed at that time? / Yes, she ________________ .
Was, was
 (10) ________________ Jane enjoy the party last night? / Yes, she ________________ .
Did, did
 (11) ________________ your father with you then? / No, he ________________ .
Was, wasn't
 (12) ________________ your father watch TV last night? / No, he ________________ .
Did, didn't
 (13) ________________ you and Taro at home at that time? / Yes, we ________________ .
Were, were
 (14) ________________ you and Taro go to the zoo yesterday? / Yes, we ________________ .
Did, did
 (15) ________________ he absent from school yesterday? / No, he ________________ .
Was, wasn't
 (16) ________________ he use this computer yesterday? / No, he ________________ .
Did, didn't
 (17) ________________ your mother in the kitchen then? / Yes, she ________________ .
Was, was
 (18) ________________ your mother write a letter yesterday? / Yes, she ________________ .
Did, did

5. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞(過去) の文

次の〈例〉にならって,(  ) 内をたずねる疑問文を書きなさい。

〈例〉 I needed (a map of Tokyo) . →  What did you need?

 (1) They went (to the library) .
Where did they go?
 (2) I got up (at seven) this morning.
What time did you get up this morning?
 (3) I bought (a cap) at the shop.
What did you buy at the shop?
 (4) She had (three) dogs.
How many dogs did she have?
 (5) He came to Japan (last month) .
When did he come to Japan?
 (6) I (did my homework) after dinner.
What did you do after dinner?
 (7) They left for school (at eight) .
What time did they leave for school?
 (8) I found (an old coin) in the box.
What did you find in the box?
 (9) He read the book (after school) .
When did he read the book?
 (10) I saw Mr. White (at the station) .
Where did you see Mr. White?
 (11) (Mr. Sato) took us to the mountain.
Who took you to the mountain?
 (12) I went to school (by bus) .
How did you go to school?
 (13) He drove the car (for two hours) .
How long did he drive the car?
 (14) She put the bag (on the table) .
Where did she put the bag?
 (15) The game began (at two) .
What time did the game begin?
 (16) I stayed in America (for two years) .
How long did you stay in America?
 (17) (Ken) broke the glass.
Who broke the glass?
 (18) I ate (two) hamburgers for lunch.
How many hamburgers did you eat for lunch?
 (19) He borrowed (his father's) camera.
Whose camera did he borrow?

6. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞(過去)の文

次の日本文を英語になおしなさい。

 (1) あなたはどこでその本を買いましたか。/ 駅のそばの本屋で買いました。
Where did you buy the book? / I bought it at the bookstore near the station.
 (2) 彼らは何時に夕食を食べましたか。/ 7時に食べました。
What time did they eat dinner? / They ate dinner at seven.
 (3) あなたはきのうの放課後,何をしましたか。/ 図書館で本を読みました。
What did you do after school yesterday? / I read a book in the library.
 (4) あなたはきのういくつの授業を受けましたか。/ 6つの授業を受けました。
How many classes did you have yesterday? / I had six classes.
 (5) あなたはいつその知らせを聞きましたか。/ きのう聞きました。
When did you hear the news? / I heard it yesterday.
 (6) だれがその机を作ったのですか。/ 私の兄が作りました。
Who made the desk? / My brother did.
 (7) 彼はどのくらい京都に滞在しましたか。/ 2週間滞在しました。
How long did he stay in Kyoto? / He stayed there for two weeks.
 (8) その赤ん坊はどのボールを欲しがりましたか。/ 赤いのを欲しがりました。
Which ball did the baby want? / It wanted a [the] red one [ball].

7. 目的語を2つとる動詞

次の〈例〉にならって,あとの文を完成しなさい。

〈例〉My brother gave (私にその本を) →  My brother gave me the book.

 (1) Mike showed (私たちに何枚かの写真を) .
Mike showed us some pictures.
 (2) The man told (私たちに駅への道を) .
The man told us the way to the station.
 (3) Mr. Sato teaches (彼らに英語を) at this school.
Mr. Sato teaches them English at this school.
 (4) Keiko often lends (私におもしろい本を) .
Keiko often lends me interesting books.
 (5) Taro sometimes sends (私に何枚かの東京の写真を) ・
Taro sometimes sends me some pictures of Tokyo.
 (6) His aunt bought (彼に自転車を) on his birthday.
His aunt bought him a bicycle[bike] on his birthday.
 (7) I asked (彼女に図書館への道を) .
I asked her the way to the library.
 (8) I made (彼女に新しい服を) *「服」 dress
I made her a new dress.

8. 目的語を2つとる動詞

次の日本語を英語になおしなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) 彼女はあなたに自分のアルバムを見せましたか。/ いいえ。
Did she show you her album? / No, she didn't.
 (2) だれがあなたにその本屋への道を教えたのですか。/ マイクです。
Who told you the way to the bookstore? / Mike did.
 (3) 私は去年,その生徒たちに数学を教えました。
I taught the students math last year.
 (4) あなたは彼にその本を貸しましたか。/ いいえ。
Did you lend him the book? / No, I didn't.
 (5) 私たちは毎年,彼らにたくさんのりんごを送ります。
We send them many apples every year.
 (6) 彼はきのう彼女に美しい花を買いました。
He bought her beautiful flowers yesterday.
 (7) 私たちは彼にたくさんの質問をしました。
We asked him many questions.
 (8) 彼女は娘にきれいな帽子を作ってあげました。
She made her daughter a pretty hat.
 (9) 彼は私たちにいすをいくつか持ってきてくれました。
He brought us some chairs.

9. 補語をとる動詞

次の各組の文の意味のちがいに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) (a) He was an English teacher.
(a) 彼は英語の教師でした 。
  (b) He became an English teacher.
(b) 彼は英語の教師になりました 。
 (2) (a) He was sick yesterday.
(a) 彼はきのう病気でした 。
  (b) He became sick yesterday.
(b) 彼はきのう病気になりました 。
 (3) (a) She got a letter from her aunt.
(a) 彼女はおばさんから手紙をもらいました。
  (b) She got to the station at two.
(b) 彼女は駅に2時に着きました。
  (c) She was angry then.
(c) 彼女はそのとき腹を立てていました。
  (d) She got angry then.
(d) 彼女はそのとき腹を立てました 。
 (4) (a) It was hot this afternoon.
(a) きょうの午後は暑かった。
  (b) It got hot this afternoon.
(b) きょうの午後は暑くなった。
  (c) He got well soon.
(c) 彼はすぐに元気になりました 。
 (5) (a) She looked at me.
(a) 彼女は私を見ました 。
  (b) She was looking for you.
(b) 彼女はあなたを探していました 。
  (c) She was sad at that time.
(c) 彼女はそのとき悲しかった。
  (d) She looked sad at that time.
(d) 彼女はそのとき悲しそうに見えました。
  (e) She looks like her mother.
(e) 彼女はお母さんに似ています。

10. 文型の変換

次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容になるように,__________に適当な語を書き入れなさい。

 (1) There are two large parks in our city.

  Our city ___________ two large parks.

has
 (2) Are there many beautiful pictures in this book?

  ___________ this book ___________ many beautiful pictures?

Does, have
 (3) Did it rain a lot in your city last night?

  Did you ___________ much rain in your city last night?

have
 (4) My brother is a very good tennis player.

  My brother ___________ tennis very ___________ .

plays, well
 (5) Mr. Sato sings very well.

  Mr. Sato is a very ___________ .

good singer
 (6) He is an English teacher at this school.

  He ___________ English at this school.

teaches
 (7) Mrs. Oka is our English teacher.

  Mrs. Oka ________________________________ English.

teaches us
 (8) My father gave me a nice watch.

  My father gave a nice watch ___________ me.

to
 (9) My uncle bought me a dictionary.

  My uncle bought a dictionary ___________ me.

for
 (10) My mother made me a big birthday cake.

  My mother made a big birthday cake ___________ me.

for

11. 過去形の否定文

① Be動詞の文 と ② 一般動詞の文の否定文 の作り方の違いに注意して、次の文を否定文に書き換えなさい。

1. She was happy then.
She wasn't happy then.
2. There was a guitar in his room.
There wasn't a guitar in his room.
3. You were busy last week.
You weren't busy last week.
4. There were some girls in the room.
There weren't any girls in the room.
5. The book was very interesting.
The book wasn't very interesting.
6. You played baseball yesterday.
You didn't play baseball yesterday.
7. She wanted a new violin.
She didn't want a new violin.
8. His family lived in Tokyo last year.
His family didn't live in Tokyo last year.
9. Mr.Brown had a nice car.
Mr.Brown didn't have a nice car.
10. They went to the lake last summer.
They didn't go to the lake last summer.
11. Nancy bought some new CDs.
Nancy didn't buy any new CDs.
12. He saw the movies last week.
He didin't see the movies last week.
13. Dick walked to the park with Tom.
Dick didn't walk to the park with Tom.
14. My brother washed the car yesterday.
My brother didn't wash the car yesterday.
15. They got up at six yesterday morning.
They didn't get up at six yesterday morning.

12. 語尾の発音

単語の語尾に -s をつけるのは 名詞の複数形と、動詞に三単現の ‘ s ‘ を付ける場合です。

名詞の複数形と三単現の動詞の語尾の発音は[s][z][iz]の3種類
動詞の過去形の語尾の発音は[t][d][id]の3種類


 次の単語の-s、-es部分、-d、-ed部分の発音はそれぞれどれに相当しますか。

1. caps
[s]
2. hands
[z]
3. boxes
[iz]
4. bags
[z]
5. dishes
[iz]
6. cats
[s]
7. girls
[z]
8. desks
[s]
9. houses
[iz]
10. glasses
[iz]
11. horses
[iz]
12. friends
[z]
13. doors
[z]
14. parks
[s]
15. cups
[s]
16. books
[s]
17. nurses
[iz]
18. teachers
[z]
19. doctors
[z]
20. beds
[z]
21. tables
[z]
22. stamps
[s]
23. bicycles
[z]
24. watches
[iz]
25. boats
[s]
26. birds
[z]
27. tulips
[s]
28. rooms
[z]
29. oranges
[iz]
30. kings
[z]
31. looks
[s]
32. goes
[z]
33. dances
[iz]
34. sings
[z]
35. uses
[iz]
36. starts
[s]
37. enjoys
[z]
38. eats
[s]
39. washes
[iz]
40. carries
[z]
41. smiles
[z]
42. makes
[s]
43. teaches
[iz]
44. walks
[s]
45. practices
[iz]
46. sleeps
[s]
47. stays
[z]
48. knows
[z]
49. visits
[s]
50. reads
[z]
51. cooks
[s]
52. runs
[z]
53. builds
[z]
54. keeps
[s]
55. catches
[iz]
56. waits
[s]
57. feels
[z]
58. moves
[z]
59. brings
[z]
60. shows
[z]
61. start
[id]
62. asked
[t]
63. opened
[d]
64. watched
[t]
65. cleaned
[d]
66. wanted
[id]
67. helped
[t]
68. needed
[id]
69. listened
[d]
70. danced
[t]
71. lived
[d]
72. washed
[t]
73. visited
[id]
74. loved
[d]
75. opened
[d]
76. stopped
[t]
77. liked
[t]
78. collected
[id]
79. showed
[d]
80. waited
[id]
81. called
[d]
82. lived
[d]
83. cooked
[t]
84. stayed
[d]
85. studied
[d]
86. worked
[t]
87. played
[d]
88. skated
[id]
89. talked
[t]
90. used
[d]

13. 過去進行形

過去進行形は過去のある時点で進行中だった動作をあらわすときに使います。
過去のある時点をあらわす言葉と一緒によく使われます。

時間を指す表現:
then : (そのとき)
at that time : (そのとき)
at + 時刻 :  "at 9 o'clock" (9時に)
on + 日付/曜日 :  "on Monday,"  "on March 25th" (月曜日に、3月25日に)
in + 月/年/時期 :  "in April,"  "in 2018,"  "in the morning" (4月に、2018年に、朝に)
when :  "when the phone rang" (電話が鳴った時)

他の動作との関係を示す接続詞:
while : "while she was studying" (彼女が勉強している間)

現在進行形は 「現在形のbe動詞 + 動詞の原形ing」
過去進行形は 「過去形のbe動詞 + 動詞の原形ing」


次の文を(    )の中の言葉を加えて過去進行形に言い換えなさい。

1. I read an interesting magazine. ( when I was called )
I was reading an interesting magazine when I was called.
2. My mother washed dishes in the kitchen. ( when the phone rang )
My mother was washing dishes in the kitchen when the phone rang.
3. The boys made a small dog house. ( when I saw them )
The boys were making a small dog house when I saw them.
4. Many boys and girls swam in the river. ( then )
Many boys and girls were swimming in the river then.
5. My sister studied math in her room. ( then )
My sister was studying math in her room then.
6. The girls didn't look at the picture. ( then )
The girls weren't looking at the picture then.
7. My mother didn't sing an English song. ( then )
My mother wasn't singing an English song then.
8. Jane didn't help her mother. ( then )
Jane wasn't helping her mother then.
9. The students didn't practice the piano. ( then )
The students weren't practicing the piano then.
10. Mr.Smith didn't talk with his students. ( at that time )
Mr.Smith wasn't talking with his students at that time.
11. Did you play tennis with your friends ? ( at that time )
Were you playing tennis with your friends at that time ?
12. Did your father read the newspaper ? ( at that time )
Was your father reading the newspaper at that time ?
13. What did the old woman look for ? ( at that time )
What was the old woman looking for at that time ?
14. Where did you paint a picture ? ( at that time )
Where were you painting a picture at that time ?
15. What did you do in your room ? ( at that time )
What were you doing in your room at that time ?

14. 現在進行形・過去進行形の文

次の日本文を英語になおしなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) 私の姉は今,台所で料理をしています。
My sister is cooking in the kitchen now.
 (2) 私はそのとき太郎と話をしていました。
I was talking with Taro at that time.
 (3) 私の父はそのとき車を洗っていました。
My father was washing the car at that time.
 (4) 私たちはそのときテレビを見ているところでした。
We were watching TV at that time.
 (5) あなたは今,音楽を聞いているところですか。/ いいえ。
Are you listening to music now? / No, I'm not.
 (6) 東京では今,雨が降っていますか。/ はい,降っています。
Is it raining in Tokyo now? / Yes, it is.
 (7) あなたは今,何をしているところですか。/ 母に手紙を書いているところです。
What are you doing now? / I am writing (a letter) to my mother.
 (8) あなたはそのとき何をしているところでしたか。/ 宿題をしていました。
What were you doing at that time? / I was doing my homework.
 (9) だれがあの部屋の中でピアノを弾いているのですか。/ 私の妹です。
Who is playing the piano in that room? / My sister is.
 (10) そのときだれが車を運転していましたか。/ 私の父です。
Who was driving the car at that time? / My father was.
 (11) 彼はそのとき,どこへ行くところでしたか。/ 図書館へ行くところでした。
Where was he going at that time? / He was going to the library.

15. 副詞と形容詞

次の英文の(   )内の語のはたらきに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) He runs very (fast).
(a) 彼はとても速く走る。
  He is a very (fast) runner.
  (b) 彼はとても足が速い。
 (2) She works very (hard).
(a) 彼女はとても 一生けんめいに働きます 。
  She uses a (hard) ball.
  (b) 彼女は固いボールを使います。
 (3) He can jump (high).
(a) 彼は高くジャンプすることができる。
  That building is (high).
  (b) あの建物は高い。
 (4) He got up (late) this morning.
(a) 彼はけさ遅く起きた。
  He was (late) for school today.
  (b) 彼はきょう学校に遅れた。
 (5) I can't stay here (long).
(a) 私はここに長くいられない。
  I wrote a (long) letter.
  (b) 私は長い手紙を書いた。
 (6) He always gets up (early).
(a) 彼はいつも早く起きる。
  I visited Kyoto (early) spring.
  (b) 私は早春に京都を訪れた。
 (7) Walk more (quickly).
もっと速く歩きなさい。
 (8) Speak more (slowly).
もっとゆっくり話しなさい。
 (9) My father plays the guitar (well).
私の父は上手にギターを弾きます。

16. 比較級・最上級の作り方

▶ 語尾が「子音字+y」の場合
形容詞(副詞)の語尾が「子音字+y」の場合は、「y」を「i」に変えて、その後ろに「er」を付けます。
easy - easier - easiest        

▶ 「1母音字+1子音字」の場合
形容詞(副詞)の語尾が「1母音字+1子音字」の場合は、語尾の子音字を重ねて、その後に「er」を付けます。
big - bigger - biggest

▶ 3音節以上の長い単語
  「more+形容詞(副詞)の原形」 「most+形容詞(副詞)の原形」
difficult - more difficult - most difficult

▶ 語尾が -ly で終わるもの、 -ful で終わるもの
「more+ 形容詞(副詞)の原形」 「most+形容詞(副詞)の原形」
slowly - more slowly - most slowly
colorful - more colorful - most colorful
 ※ ただし、 early は early - earlier - earliest

▶ 不規則変化
good  better best
well better best
bad worse worst
ill worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least

次の形容詞・副詞の比較級・最上級を答えなさい。

1. large
larger largest
2. young
younger youngest
3. hot
hotter hottest
4. interesting
more interesting / most interesting
5. pretty
prettier prettiest
6. good
better best
7. popular
more popular / most popular
8. high
higher highest
9. busy
busier busiest
10. slowly
more slowly / most slowly
11. early
earlier earliest
12. short
shorter shortest
13. big.
bigger biggest
14. fast
faster fastest
15. many
more / most
16. small
smaller smallest
17. cold
colder coldest
18. nice
nicer nicest
19. happy
happier happiest
20. difficult
more difficult / most difficult
21. well
better best
22. warm
warmer warmest
23. foolish
more foolish / most foolish
24. easy
easier easiest
25. important
more important / most important
26. old
older oldest
27. bad
worse worst
28. tall
taller tallest
29. beautiful
more beautiful / most beautiful
30. much
more most

17. 比較 和訳

▼ 原級の文のつくり方
as+原級+as ~「~と同じくらい」  否定文にすると「~ほど…ではない」という意味になります

▼ 比較級の文のつくり方
比較級+than ~「~よりも…」

▼ 最上級の文のつくり方
the 最上級(+ofまたはin~)「(~の中で)最も~」

ofとinは、次のように使い分けましょう。

of …後ろに数字やallがくる場合    the+数(複数),all(すべて),all+複数名詞
in …後ろに場所や集団などがくる場合 Japanなどの国名,the world(世界),family(家族)など

 次の文を原級・比較級・最上級の用法に注意して、日本語になおしなさい。

1. Nancy is now as tall as her mother.
ナンシーは今 彼女の母親と同じくらいの背の高さです。
2. Dick practiced basketball as hard as Tom.
ディックはトムと同じくらい一生懸命バスケットボールの練習をした。
3. My father is not as young as your father.
私の父はあなたのお父さんほど若くない。
4. Jim does not play tennis as often as his brother.
ジムは彼の弟ほどしょっちゅうテニスをしない。
5. Your mother looks younger than my mother.
あなたのお母さんは私の母より若く見える。
6. Your new book is more interesting than your earlier ones.
あなたの新しい本は、前の本よりももっとおもしろい。
7. My brother usually gets up earlier than my sister.
私の弟は妹よりもたいてい早く起きる。
8. Which is more popular in Japan, soccer or baseball?
日本ではサッカーと野球とではどちらが人気がありますか。
9. Which did you study harder, math or science ?
あなたは数学と理科とではどちらを一生懸命勉強しましたか。
10. Which do you like better, soccer or baseball?
あなたはサッカーと野球のどちらが好きですか。
11. The world is getting smaller and smaller.
世界はだんだん狭くなっている。
12. Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.
トムは私たちのクラスでは他のどの少年よりも背が高い。
13. That house over there is the oldest in this town.
向こうのあの家はこの町で一番古い。
14. Joe is the most careful of these students.
ジョーはこれらの生徒たちのうちで最も注意深い。
15. Do you know which is the hottest month in Australia ?
あなたはオーストラリアでは何月が一番暑い月か知っていますか。

18. 比較 型

▼ 原級の文のつくり方
as+原級+as ~「~と同じくらい」  否定文にすると「~ほど…ではない」という意味になります

▼ 比較級の文のつくり方
比較級+than ~「~よりも…」

▼ 最上級の文のつくり方
the 最上級(+ofまたはin~)「(~の中で)最も~」

ofとinは、次のように使い分けましょう。

  •   of …後ろに数字やallがくる場合    the+数(複数),all(すべて),all+複数名詞
  •   in …後ろに場所や集団などがくる場合 Japanなどの国名,the world(世界),family(家族)など

19.  形容詞の比較級

次の英文にあとの(  )内の意味を表す語句を加えて,全文を書きなおしなさい。

 (1) My pencil is long. (あなたの錯筆より)
My pencil is longer than yours.
 (2) My father is tall.  (あなたのお父さんより)
My father is taller than your father.
 (3) It is warm in Okinawa. (東京より)
It is warmer in Okinawa than in Tokyo.
 (4) Question 1 is easy. (Question 2 より)
Question 1 is easier than Question 2.
 (5) This picture is pretty. (あの写真より)
This picture is prettier than that one.
 (6) This book is interesting. (あの本より)
This book is more interesting than that one.
 (7) My watch is good. (あなたの時計より)
My watch is better than yours.

20. 形容詞の最上級

次の英文にあとの( )内の意味を表す語句を加えて,全文を書きなおしなさい。

 (1) Mike is a fast runner. (私たちのクラスの中でいちばん)
Mike is the fastest runner in our class.
 (2) Mt. Fuji is a high mountain. (日本でいちばん)
Mt. Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan.
 (3) Mr. Smith is tall. (彼の家族の中でいちばん)
Mr. Smith is the tallest in his family.
 (4) The Nile is a long river. (世界でいちばん) * the Nile ナイル川
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
 (5) This dog is big. (その3匹の中でいちばん)
This dog is the biggest of the three.
 (6) This question is difficult. (その3つの中でいちばん)
This question is the most difficult of the three.
 (7) This book is interesting. (その5冊の中でいちばん)
This book is the most interesting of the five.
 (8) This flower is beautiful. (その全部の花の中でいちばん)
This flower is the most beautiful of all the flowers.
 (9) His camera is good. (全部の中でいちばん)
His camera is the best of all.

21. 比較 型

次の文末に与えられている語の原級・比較級・最上級のうち、文の意味にあうもっとも適当なものを空所に入れなさい。
最上級を入れる場合にはその前にtheを付けなさい。

1. My mother is as ______ as your mother. (old)
old
2. This pencil is ______ than that pencil. (long)
longer
3. Tokyo is ______ than Kyoto. (large)
larger
4. Mr.Smith is ______ of these men. (young)
the youngest
5. Who is ______ , Jane or Nancy ? (tall)
taller
6. My mother gets up ______ in my family. (early)
the earliest
7. Baseball is not as ______ as football in America. (popular)
popular
8. Mr.Brown is ______ man of them all. (busy)
the busiest
9. Who is swimming ______ ,Tom or Mike ? (fast)
faster
10. Your dog is ______ than my dog. (pretty)
prettier
11. This doll is ______ of these five dolls. (beautiful)
the most beautiful
12. Who was ______ of all the girls ? (happy)
the happiest
13. This book is ______ than that one. (interesting)
more interesting
14. It is getting ______ and ______ . (cold)
colder/colder
15. Who can swim ______ in your class ? (fast)
(the) fastest
16. It is ______ today than yesterday. (warm)
warmer
17. The Sahara Desert is ______ in the world. (big)
the biggest
18. Nairobi is one of ______ cities in Africa. (modern)
the most modern
19. It is ______ than any other mountain in Africa. (high)
higher
20. My brother doesn't drive as ______ as my father. (carefully)
carefully
21. This question isn't as ______ as that one. (easy)
easy
22. Who is ______ of your friends ? (short)
the shortest
23. Bob is a ______ player than Tom. (good)
better
24. This red car is ______ of all the cars here. (good)
the best
25. Osaka has ______ bridges of all the cities in Japan. (many)
the most
26. I have ______ old coins than you. (many)
more
27. He played the guitar ______ of all the players. (well)
(the) best
28. My father speaks English ______ than I. (well)
better
29. Who do you like ______ of all your teachers ? (well)
(the) best
30. I like oranges ______ than apples. (well)
better

22. 比較穴埋め

1 ) ミキはお母さんと同じくらいの背の高さです.     
Miki is (   ) (   ) (   ) her mother.
as tall as
2 ) 富士山はエベレスト山ほど高くありません.       
Mt. Fuji isn't (   ) (   ) (   ) Mt. Everest.
as high as
3 ) レンはお兄さんと同じくらい本を持っています.       
Ren has (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) his brother.
as many books as
4 ) アレックスは先生と同じくらい速く走れます.        
Alex can run (   ) (   ) (   ) our teacher.
as fast as
5 ) 私はジョンほどじょうずにテニスができません.        
I can't play tennis (   ) (   ) (   ) John.
as well as
6 ) メイはアカリと同じくらいのお金を持っています.        
Mei has (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) Akari.
as much money as
7 ) デイビッドはお父さんよりも背が高いです.        
David is (   ) (   ) his father.
taller than
8 ) このかばんはあのかばんよりも高価です.        
This bag is (   ) (   ) (   ) that one.
more expensive than
9 ) ジャックはトムよりずっと速く走れます.        
Jack can run (   ) (   ) (   ) Tom.
much faster than
10 ) 私は妹よりも早く家を出ました.        
I left home (   ) (   ) my sister.
earlier than
11 ) 今日の試合は昨日の試合よりわくわくします.     
Today's game is (   ) (   ) (   ) yesterday's.
more exciting than
12 ) ジョンは彼の父親より少し背が高いです.        
John is (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) his father.
a little taller than
13 ) ジョンはハヤトよりも20センチ背が高いです.        
John is 20 cm (   ) (   ) Hayato.
taller than
14 ) メグは私より年上です.        
Meg is older (   ) (   ).
than I[me]
15 ) 私の英語の先生は母と同い年です.     
My English teacher is (   ) (   ) as my mother.
as old
16 ) この映画は『スターウォーズ』と同じくらいわくわくします.    
This movie is (   ) exciting (   ) Star Wars.
as, as
17 ) 私の犬はあなたの犬ほどりこうではありません.        
My dog is (   ) (   ) clever (   ) your dog.
not as[so], as
18 ) 私はあなたと同じくらいの数の友人がいます.        
I have (   ) (   ) friends (   ) you.
as many, as
19 ) この家はあの家よりも古い.        
This house is (   ) (   ) that one.
older than
20 ) 姉はいつも私より早く起きます.        
My sister always gets up (   ) (   ) I do.
earlier than
21 ) 母は父より慎重に運転をします.        
My mother drives (   ) (   ) than my father.
more carefully
22 ) この本はあの本よりもずっとおもしろいです.     
This book is (   ) (   ) interesting (   ) that one.
much[far] more, than
23 ) このスカートはあのスカートと同じくらいの長さです.     
This skirt is (   ) (   ) (   ) that one.
as long as
24 ) 私はあなたほど若くありません.        
I'm (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) you.
not as[so] young as
25 ) 父は母ほど料理じょうずではありません.      
My father doesn't cook (   ) (   ) (   ) my mother.
as[so] well as
26 ) 弟は私と同じくらい体重があります.        
My brother is (   ) (   ) (   ) I am.
as heavy as
27 ) ジョージはオリンピック選手なみに速く泳げます.     
George can swim (   ) (   ) (   ) Olympic athletes. 「オリンピック」 Olympic
as fast as
28 ) 姉は父と同じくらいコーヒーを飲みます.        
My sister drinks (   ) (   ) (   ) as my father.
as much coffee
29 ) この山は六甲山よりも高いです.        
This mountain is (   ) (   ) Mt. Rokko.
higher than
30 ) 今日の天気は昨日の天気よりも悪い.        
Today's weather is (   ) (   ) yesterday's.
worse than
31 ) 兄は私より10センチ背が高いです.        
My brother is 10 centimeters (   ) (   ) me.
taller than
32 ) 太陽は地球よりもずっと大きいです.        
The sun is (   ) (   ) (   ) the earth.
much[far] bigger[larger] than
33 ) 姉は私よりもたくさん洋服を持っています.       
My sister has (   ) clothes (   ) me.
more, than
34 ) スペインでは,野球よりサッカーのほうが人気があります.    
Soccer is (   ) popular (   ) baseball in Spain.
more, than
35 ) 中国の歴史はアメリカの歴史よりもずっと長いです.        
The history of China is (   ) (   ) than that of the USA.
much[far] longer
36 ) もう少し大きな声で話していただけますか.        
Could you speak a (   ) (   ) (   )? 「大きな声で」loudly
little more loudly
37 ) このあたりは仙台よりずっとたくさん雪が降ります.      
We have (   ) (   ) (   ) around here than in Sendai.
much[far] more snow
38 ) 私は昨日より今日のほうが気分がいいです.        
I feel (   ) today (   ) yesterday.
better, than
39 ) 私はあなたほどすらすらとフランス語を話せません.      
I can't speak French (   ) (   ) (   ) you.
as fluently as
40 ) 昨日よりも今日のほうがずっと寒いです.        
It's (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) yesterday.
much colder today than
41 ) この車はあの車よりも値段が高そうです.        
This car (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) that one.
looks more expensive than
42 ) 私の母は父よりも3歳年下です.        
My mother is (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) my father.
three years younger than
43 ) 私の兄[弟]は私よりも30分早く帰宅しました.     
My brother came home (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) me.
thirty minutes earlier than
44 ) 私の部屋は兄の部屋ほど広くないけれど,兄の部屋よりきれいです.    
My room isn't (   ) as my brother's, but it's (   ) than his.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
as[so] large[big], cleaner
45 ) 今日は私はあなたよりたくさん宿題があります.        
I have (   ) you today.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
more homework than
46 ) 弟は私ほどお金を持っていません.        
My brother (   ) as (   ) as I do.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
doesn't have, much money
47 ) 私の姉は私よりも2歳年上ですが,身長は私のほうが少し高いです.     
My sister is (   ) than me, but I'm (   ) than her.[空所には2語以上入ることがある]
two years older, a little taller
2 ) この腕時計はその3つの中で最も高価です.     
This watch is (   ) (   ) (   ) (   ) the three.
the most expensive of
3 ) ジェーンはクラスで一番速く泳げます.        
Jane can swim (   ) (   ) her class.
fastest in
4 ) この問題はその10問の中で一番易しいです.        
This question is (   ) (   ) (   ) the ten.
the easiest of

23. 原級を使う表現

次の〈例〉にならって,あとの文を書きかえなさい。

〈例〉My dog is big. ( yours ) → My dog is as big as yours.

 (1) I am tall.( my brother )
I am as tall as my brother.
 (2) This bridge is long. ( that bridge )
This bridge is as long as that bridge.
 (3) The mountain is high. ( Mt. Aso )
The mountain is as high as Mt. Aso.
 (4) This book is interesting. ( that one )
This book is as interesting as that one.
 (5) My car is good. ( yours )
My car is as good as yours.
 (6) Question 1 is difficult. ( Question 2 )
Question 1 is as difficult as Question 2.
 (7) I have many books. ( Ken )
I have as many books as Ken.
 (8) Do you have much money? ( your brother )
Do you have as much money as your brother?

24. 形容詞の比較級・最上級

次の文の _______ に,あとの(   )内の語を適当な形になおして書き入れなさい。

 (1) Mr. Sato is the _______ man of us all.( busy )
busiest
 (2) This story is _______ than that one. ( short )
shorter
 (3) In Japan August is the _______ month of the year. ( hot )
hottest
 (4) Your camera is much _______ than mine. ( good )
better
 (5) Mike reads _______ books than Fred. ( many )
more
 (6) This singer is _______ than that singer. ( popular )
more popular
 (7) Australia is much _______ than Japan, ( large )
larger
 (8) This question is the _______ of the four. ( easy )
easiest
 (9) This computer is _______ than that one. ( useful )
more useful
 (10) My brother looks _______ than you. ( young )
younger
 (11) English is the _______ subject to me. ( interesting )
most interesting
 (12) Which is _______ , the Shinano or the Kiso?( long )
longer
 (13) This picture is the _______ of all the pictures. ( pretty )
prettiest
 (14) Mt. Fuji is the _______ mountain in Japan. ( famous )
most famous
 (15) Who has the _______ books of the three? ( many )
most
 (16) Your bag is the _______ of all. ( heavy )
heaviest
 (17) John is the _______ soccer player in my class. ( good )
best
 (18) My mother is the _______ driver in my family. ( careful )
most careful

25. 形容詞の原級・比較級・最上級

次の日本文を英語になおしなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) 私の弟はあなたと同じ歳です。
My brother is as old as you.
 (2) 信濃川( the Shinano )は日本でいちばん長い川です。
The Shinano is the longest river in Japan.
 (3) 日本とニュージーランド(New Zealand)では,どちらが広いですか。
Which is larger, Japan or New Zealand?
 (4) 英語は歴史(history)よりおもしろい。
English is more interesting than history.
 (5) これはその3台の中でいちばんよい車です。
This is the best car of the three.
 (6) マイクは彼の家族の中でいちばん若い。
Mike is the youngest in his family.
 (7) その3冊の本の中で,どれがいちばんむずかしいですか。
Which is the most difficult of the three books?
 (8) この公園はあの公園よりずっと美しい。
This park is much more beautiful than that one.
 (9) 野球は日本でいちばん人気のあるスポーツです。
Baseball is the most popular sport in Japan.

26. 副詞の比較級/最上級

次の文にあとの( )内の意味を表す語句を加えて,全文を書きなおしなさい。

 (1) Fred runs fast.(マイクよりも)
Fred runs faster than Mike.
 (2) Tom can jump high.(フレッドよりも)
Tom can jump higher than Fred.
 (3) Emi studies English hard.(彼女の兄よりも)
Emi studies English harder than her brother.
 (4) This morning I got up early.(私の母よりも)
This morning I got up earlier than my mother.
 (5) Last night I came home late.(私の父よりも)
Last night I came home later than my father.
 (6) I climbed the mountain slowly.(太郎よりも)
I climbed the mountain more slowly than Taro.
 (7) My brother swims quickly.(私よりも)
My brother swims more quickly than I.
 (8) Emi speaks English well.(ケンよりも)
Emi speaks English better than Ken.
 (9) My brother usually goes to bed early.(私の家族の中でいちばん)
My brother usually goes to bed the earliest in my family.
 (10) The old man walked slowly.(その3人の中でいちばん)
The old man walked the most slowly of the three.
 (11) Mike sings well.(彼のクラスでいちばん)
Mike sings the best in his class.

27. 副詞の比較級/最上級

次の文の _______ に,あとの(   )内の語を適当な形になおして書き入れなさい。

 (1) This morning I came to school the _______ in my class. ( early )
earliest
 (2) He worked the _______ of us all.( hard )
hardest
 (3) Who can jump the _______ in your class? ( high )
highest
 (4) Roy can play the guitar the _______ of us all.( well )
best
 (5) Ken studied math _______ than Taro. ( hard )
harder
 (6) Who can run _______, Taro or Ken? ( fast )
faster
 (7) Tms bird can fly _______ than that one. ( high )
higher
 (8) Who gets up _______ , you or your mother? ( early )
earlier
 (9) Yumi plays tennis _______ than I. ( well )
better
 (10) Light can travel the _______ of all. ( fast )    * travel 進む
fastest
 (11) He finished the work _______ than Ken. ( quickly )
more quickly
 (12) My teacher speaks _______ than your teacher. ( slowly )
more slowly
 (13) Who answered the _______ of the five? ( quickly )
most quickly
 (14) My grandfather walks the _______ in my family. ( slowly )?
most slowly

28. 副詞の比較級/最上級

次の日本文を英語になおしなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) どうぞもっとゆっくり話してください。
Please speak more slowly.
 (2) あなたのクラスではだれがいちばん速く走れますか。
Who can run the fastest in your class?
 (3) ケンは私たち全員の中でいちばん上手に泳ぎます。
Ken swims the best of us all.
 (4) 彼は3人の中でいちばん熱心に働いた。
He worked the hardest of the three.
 (5) マイクはナンシー(Nancy)より上手に日本語を話します。
Mike speaks Japanese better than Nancy.
 (6) マイクとケンとではどちらが高く跳ぶことができますか。
Who can jump higher, Mike or Ken?
 (7) 私はたいてい家族の中でいちばん早く起きます。
I usually get up the earliest in my family.
 (8) この犬はあの犬よりたくさん食べます。
This dog eats more than that one.

29.  いろいろな比較の表現

次の①~⑥の英文を参考にして,あとの日本文を英語になおしなさい。

  ① I like tennis better than baseball.

  ② I like tennis the best of all sports.

  ③ Ken is taller than any other boy in the class.

  ④ Kyoto is one of the oldest cities in Japan.

  ⑤ I am not as tall as Ken.

  ⑥ Australia is about twenty times as large as Japan.

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) 私は冬より夏の方が好きです。
I like summer better than winter.
 (2) 私は全部の季節の中で夏がいちばん好きです。
I like summer the best of all seasons.
 (3) 富士山は日本のほかのどの山よりも高い。
Mt. Fuji is higher than any other mountain in Japan.
 (4) 東京は世界で最も大きな都市のうちのひとつです。
Tokyo is one of the biggest cites in the world.
 (5) 私の父はあなたのお父さんほど年をとっていない。
My father isn’t as old as your father.
 (6) この橋(bridge)はあの橋の3倍の長さだ。
This bridge is three times as long as that one.

30. いろいろな比較の表現

次の日本文に合う英文を,( )内の語を使って書きなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) あなたは夏と冬とではどちらが好きですか。

  ( better / summer / you / which / winter / do / like / or / ,)

Which do you like better, summer or winter?
 (2) あなたはどのスポーツがいちばん好きですか。

  ( sport / the / do / what / you / best / like )

What sport do you like the best?
 (3) マイクはクラスのどの生徒よりも速く走ることができる。

  ( faster / the / run / Mike / any / can / student / class / than / other / in )

Mike can run faster than any other student in the class.
 (4) 彼女は日本で最も人気のある歌手のうちのひとりです。

  ( popular / in / is / of / Japan / she / singers / one / most / the )

She is one of the most popular singers in Japan.
 (5) この橋はあの橋ほど長くない。

  ( not / bridge / that / is / this / one / long / as / as )

This bridge is not as long as that one.
 (6) この山はあの山の5倍の高さだ。

  ( mountain / times / that / this / five / is / as / as / high / one )

This mountain is five times as high as that one.
 (7) 私の兄はあなたよりも3歳年上です。

  ( brother / you / three / my / is / older / years / than )

My brother is three years older than you.

31. 感嘆文

「なんて~なんでしょう!」と
名詞を強調したいなら What
形容詞や副詞を強調したいなら How

「形容詞+名詞」を強める場合は
What + (a/an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 動詞 ~!」

▶「形容詞」あるいは「副詞」だけを強める場合は
How + 形容詞・副詞 + 主語 + 動詞 ~!」


次の文を感嘆文に書き換えなさい.

1. I am a very happy boy.
What a happy boy I am !
2. The watch is very old.
How old the watch is !
3. You are talking very fast.
How fast you are talking !
4. Mike is a very tall boy.
What a tall boy Mike is !
5. It's a very beautiful flower.
What a beautiful flower it is !
6. They were very kind.
How kind they were !
7. This is a very interesting book.
What an interesting book this is !
8. It was very cold last night.
How cold it was last night !
9. They are very big houses.
What big houses they are !
10. Jane is a very pretty girl.
What a pretty girl Jane is !
11. My father is very busy.
How busy my father is !
12. It is a very easy book.
What an easy book it is !
13. She was very happy yesterday.
How happy she was yesterday !
14. The boys are very tall.
How tall the boys are !
15. Mary is playing the piano very well.
How well Mary is playing the piano !
16. That is a very old building.
What an old building that is !
17. This car is very nice.
How nice this car is!
18. It is a very fine day today.
What a fine day it is today !
19. The train is very fast.
How fast the train is !
20. The train is running very fast.
How fast the train is running !
21. That is a very fast train.
What a fast train that is !
22. They are very kind girls.
What kind girls they are !
23. This doll has very pretty eyes.
What pretty eyes this doll has !
24. She studies Enghsh very hard.
How hard she studies English !
25. They are singing very well.
How well they are singing !
26. The boys are practicing tennis very hard.
How hard the boys are practicing tennis !
27. He has a very nice car.
What a nice car he has !
28. How beautiful this flower is ! (Whatで書き換え)
What a beautiful flower this is !
29. How long this bridge is ! (Whatで書き換え)
What a long bridge this is !
30. How well Mary is singing ! (Whatで書き換え)
What a good singer Mary is !
31. How fast Tom is swimming !  (Whatで書き換え)
What a fast swimmer Tom is !
32. How well she is playing the piano !  (Whatで書き換え)
What a good pianist she is !

32. have [has] to ~

次の〈例〉にならい、have[has] to を使ってほぼ同じ内容の文を書きなさい。

  〈例〉 I must do it by myself. → I have to do it by myself * by oneself ひとりで

 (1) You must start soon.
You have to start soon.
 (2) Ken must study English harder.
Ken has to study English harder.
 (3) We must work for world peace.
We have to work for world peace.
 (4) She must take care of her child.
She has to take care of her child.
 (5) I must go home now.
I have to go home now.
 (6) Kumi must read all the books.
Kumi has to read all the books.
 (7) Must I wash the dishes after dinner?
Do I have to wash the dishes after dinner?
 (8) Must we bring our lunch tomorrow?
Do we have to bring our lunch tomorrow?

33. be able to ~

次の〈例〉にならい,be able toを使ってほぼ同じ内容の文を書きなさい。

  〈例〉Mike can swim well.→ Mike is able to swim well.

 (1) I can do it by myself.
I am able to do it myself.
 (2) My father can speak three languages.
My father is able to speak three languages.
 (3) Jane can sing very well.
Jane is able to sing very well.
 (4) Can you use this computer?
Are you able to use this computer?
 (5) Can your brother play the guitar?
Is your brother able to play the guitar?
 (6) I could not open the bottle.
I was not able to open the bottle.
 (7) They could not catch any fish yesterday.
They were not able to catch any fish yesterday.
 (8) No one could see the movie star.
No one was able to see the movie star.

34. 助動詞と同じはたらきをする語句

次の文を,あとの( )内の指示にしたがって書きかえなさい。

 (1) You have to wait for me. (否定文に)
You don't have to wait for me.
 (2) He has to take a camera with him. (否定文に)
He doesn't have to take a camera with him.
 (3) I have to help my mother. (tomorrow を加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
I will have to help my mother tomorrow.
 (4) She has to walk there. (tomorrow を加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
She will have to walk there tomorrow.
 (5) You must work till late. (tomorrow を加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
You will have to work till late tomorrow.
 (6) I have to cook for myself. (yesterday を加え、過去の文に)
I had to cook for myself yesterday.
 (7) The baby is able to walk. (next monthを加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
The baby will be able to walk next month.
 (8) She can swim well. (next summerを加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
She will be able to swim well next summer.
 (9) I can see you. (tomorrowを加え「~でしょう」の意味に)
I will be able to see you tomorrow.

35. 助動詞

助動詞を含む文の疑問文を作る場合、助動詞を文頭に移動するだけです。

  ※例外
  have [has] to は一般動詞の文として扱う ⇒ Do Doesで対応
  be going to は be動詞の文として扱う ⇒ be動詞を前に


 次の文を疑問文に書き換えなさい。

1. He is going to study English.
Is he going to study English ?
2. You can swim very well.
Can you swim very well ?
3. He must go there.
Must he go there ?
4. I may play the piano.
May I play the piano ?
5. You have to read this book.
Do you have to read this book ?
6. She will come here tomorrow.
Will she come here tomorrow ?
7. Bill has to help his father.
Does Bill have to help his father ?
8. We must speak English here.
Must we speak English here ?
9. We may go to bed now.
May we go to bed now ?
10. They have to start at once.
Do they have to start at once ?
11. You can write your name.
Can you write your name ?
12. She will play tennis tomorrow.
Will she play tennis tomorrow ?
13. You are going to clean your room.
Are you going to clean your room ?
14. She can ski very well.
Can she ski very well ?
15. You must read this book.
Must you read this book ?

36. 助動詞

助動詞を含む文の否定文を作る場合、助動詞の直後にnotをつけるだけです。
  ※例外
  have [has] to は一般動詞の文として扱う ⇒ don't have to / doesn't have to
  be going to は be動詞の文として扱う ⇒ be動詞の後ろにnot


 次の文を否定文に書き換えなさい。

1. My brother can speak French.
My brother can't speak French.
2. They are going to swim tomorrow.
They aren't going to swim tomorrow.
3. You have to wash the dishes.
You don't have to wash the dishes.
4. You may play the piano here.
You may not play the piano here.
5. She will buy a French doll.
She won't buy a French doll.    ※ will not → won't
6. We had to clean the room.
We didn't have to clean the room.
7. Nancy can play the piano very well.
Nancy can't play the piano very well.
8. They will have to get up early.
They won't have to get up early.     ※ will not → won't
9. You must use this dictionary.
You must not use this dictionary.
10. You may listen to the radio now.
You may not listen to the radio now.
11. We are going to go on a picnic.
We aren't going to go on a picnic.  ピクニックをする
12. You had better take this bag.
You had better not take this bag.    had better:~した方が良い notの位置に注意!
13. He will come here tomorrow.
He won't come here tomorrow.   won't = will not
14. You will be able to play the guitar.
You won't be able to play the guitar.     
won't = will not      
※ will に can の意味を加えたいときには will be able to を使う。 will can は ×
15. He could speak English.
He couldn't speak English.

37. 助動詞 will

助動詞 will
意思 「~するつもりだ」 主語が I や We であることが多い
推量 「~だろう」 主語が 私以外であることが多い。人がやろうとしていることなどわからない。気持ちを推し量るしかないから。
未来 「~するだろう」 単純未来。主語が人ではなく、無生物である場合に多い。

※ 助動詞の後ろは、動詞の原形


 上記の点に十分注意して、次の文に will を加えて未来のことを表す文に言い換えなさい。

1. We have a birthday party.
We will have a birthday party.
2. Mr.Brown teaches English.
Mr.Brown will teach English.
3. My father is very busy.
My father will be very busy.
4. They make a lot of cakes.
They will make a lot of cakes.
5. Tom practices tennis very hard.
Tom will practice tennis very hard.
6. My sister doesn't go to the concert.
My sister won't go to the concert.         ※ will not → won't
7. It is not very fine.
It won't be very fine.             ※ will not → won't
8. We don't study French.
We won't study French.                ※ will not → won't
9. Do you build a snowman ?
Will you build a snowman ? 雪だるま
10. Does your father visit London ?
Will your father visit London ?
11. Are we late for school ?
Will we be late for school ?      ~に遅刻する
12. How many CDs do you buy ?
How many CDs will you buy ?       ※ How many のあとは、複数名詞が来る。
13. What does your father do ?
What will your father do ?
14. My sister can swim well.
My sister will be able to swim well.
15. You must help your father.
You will have to help your father.

38. 助動詞

can          ~できる(能力)/ ~してもよい(許可)
will          ~だろう(推量)/ ~するつもりだ(意志)
may         ~してもよい(許可) /  ~かもしれない(推量)
must        ~しなければならない(義務)  /  ~に違いない(確信)
shall        ~しましょうか(申し出/勧誘)
should         ~すべき(提案/アドバイス)/   ~のはず(確信)
have to        ~する必要がある


(   )内のことばを意味する助動詞を入れて英文を作りなさい。

1. I play the guitar. (できる)
I can play the guitar.
2. She speaks English. (できない)
She cannot speak English.
3. My brother skates very well. (できる)
My brother can skate very well.
4. You study English very hard. (しなければならない)
You must study English very hard.
5. She helps her mother every day. (する必要がある)
She has to help her mother every day.
6. You read this book. (してはならない)
You must not read this book.
7. You go to the library. (する必要はない)
You don't have to go to the library.
8. We play baseball here. (してもよい)
We may play baseball here.
9. She plays tennis very well. (できる)
She can play tennis very well.
10. You wash the car. (する必要はない)
You don't have to wash the car.
11. That man on the bench is our teacher. (かもしれない)
That man on the bench may be our teacher.
12. You are very kind to children. (ちがいない)
You must be very kind to children.
13. You are careful. (あるべきだ)
You should be careful.
14. My mother washes the dishes. (する必要がある)
My mother has to wash the dishes.
15. They do their homework. (する必要があった)
They had to do their homework.

39. 助動詞の意味・種類

次の日本文に合うように,〔must will should may〕の中から適当な助動詞を選んで書き入れなさい。

 (1) 君はここにいてよろしい。  

  You _______ stay here.

may
 (2) 彼女はあす,ここに来るでしょう。  

  She _______ come here tomorrow.

will
 (3) 私はきょう宿題をしなければならない。 

  I _______ do my homework today.

must
 (4) 今夜は雪が降るかもしれない。

  It _______ snow tonight.

may
 (5) このコンピューターを使ってもよろしいですか。

   _______ use this computer?

May
 (6) 私たちはお年寄りに親切にすべきだ。

  We _______ be kind to old people.

should
 (7) ジェーンは顔色が青ざめている。病気にちがいない。

  Jane looks pale. She _______ be sick.  * pale (顔色が)青ざめた

must
 (8) 授業中は日本語を使うべきではありません。

  You _______ not use Japanese in class.

should
 (9) 食事中に音をたててはいけません。  * noise 物音,騷音

  You _______ not make noise at table.

must

40. 助動詞

can     ~できる(能力)/ ~してもよい(許可)
will          ~だろう(推量)/ ~するつもりだ(意志)
may         ~してもよい(許可) /  ~かもしれない(推量)
must        ~しなければならない(義務)  /  ~に違いない(確信)
shall        ~しましょうか(申し出/勧誘)
should         ~すべき(提案/アドバイス)/   ~のはず(確信)
have to        ~する必要がある

※ 助動詞を2つ以上連続して置くことはできません。
たとえば、He will can speak English well.などのように使うことはできません。

will と must は will have to
will と must は will be able to


助動詞の用法と文の意味を考えながら、(   )内の適当なものを選びなさい。

1. She (will have, will has, will had) lunch with him.
will have
2. I (will have to, will must) help my father tomorrow.
will have to
3. They (hadn't to, didn't have to) start so early.
didn't have to
4. We (won't can, won't be able to) climb the mountain.
won't be able to
5. He is absent today. He (shall, may, will) be sick.
may
6. What (will, shall)I do next ?
shall
7. You (may, must) go to bed late, but you must get up early.
may
8. (Shall, May) I take your pictures ? -Yes, please.
Shall
9. (Must, Shall, May) I go to bed now ? -Yes, of course.
may
10. It is cloudy. It (has to, will) rain in the afternoon.
will
11. (Shall, Can, May) we play tennis after school? 一Yes, let's.
Shall
12. This news (won't, can't, mustn't) be true.
can't
13. (May, Must) I listen to the radio here ? 一No, you must not.
May
14. You don't (must, have to) do your homework today.
have to
15. (Has she to, Does she have to) clean her room every day ?
Does she have to
16. (Will, Shall)I help you with your work ?
Shall
17. It (is going to, will be) rainy tomorrow.
will be   ※ be going to だと雨が確実に降ることになる。 あくまで予想なので will be。
18. (May, Will, Shall) you have some coffee ?
Will
19. I (can, may, will) not do such a thing again.
will   ※ will は意思、「私は二度とそんなことはしないつもりだ。」
20. There are no taxis. We (will be able, will have) to walk.
will have
21. (Must, Should, Can) I do it now ? 一No, you don't have to.
Must
22. (Will, Shall, Can) I bring your bag  ? -No, thank you.
Shall    ※ shall I~? 私が~しましょうか?
23. You (had not better, had better not) make a noise here.
had better not    ※ notの位置に注意!
24. (Will, Can) I borrow your dictionary'?
Can
25. You don't have much time. You (will, shall, must) hurry.
must
26. (Will, Can) you leave for America ?    
= Are you going to leave for America ?
Will
27. You (mustn't, don't have to) watch TV now.    
= Don't watch TV now.
mustn't
28. (Must, May, Shall) we do the work now ? = Do we have to do the work now ?
Must
29. She (had to, could, would) ride a horse.    
= She was able to ride a horse.
could
30. (Will, Shall) we go to the pool?    
= Let's go to the pool.
Shall

41. 助動詞を使ういろいろな表現

次の日本文に合う英文になるように _______ に will,must,shall,may,couldのうち最も適当な語を選んで書き入れなさい。

 (1) あなたといっしょに行ってもよろしいですか。/ええ,いいですよ。

   _______ I go with you? / Yes, you _______ .

May, may
 (2) 電話をお借りしてもよろしいですか。/ええ,どうぞ。

   _______ I use your telephone? / Sure.

May
 (3) 私はその川を泳いで渡ることができなかった。

   I _______ not swim across the river.

could
 (4) 駅までの道を教えてくれませんか。/いいですよ。

   _______ you tell me the way to the station? / Sure.

Will
 (5) 窓を開けてくれませんか。/わかりました。

   _______ you please open the window? / All right.

Will
 (6) いっしょにコーヒーを飲みませんか。/ええ。

   _______ you have some coffee with me? / O.K.

Will
 (7) お母さん,お皿を洗いましょうか。/ええ,お願い。

   _______ I wash the dishes, Mom? / Yes, please.

Shall
 (8) お茶を入れましょうか。/いいえ,けっこうです。

   _______ I make tea? / No, thank you.

Shall

42. 助動詞を使ういろいろな表現

次の日本文を助動詞を使って英語になおしなさい。

 (1) お手伝いしましょうか。/ ええ,お願いします。
Shall I help you? / Yes, please.
 (2) 私たちにあなたの家族について話してくれませんか。/ いいですよ。
Will you tell us about your family? / Sure [All right].
 (3) 私といっしょに昼食を食べませんか。/ いいよ。
Will you eat lunch with me? / All right.
 (4) ひとつ質問してもよろしいですか。/ ええ,どうぞ。
May I ask (you) a question? / Sure [Yes, you may].
 (5) 彼女はきょう学校に遅れるかもしれない。
She may be late for school today.
 (6) この部屋で騷いではいけません。
You must not be noisy in this room.
 (7) 彼女は疲れているにちがいない。
She must be tired.
 (8) 私はきのう彼に会うことができなかった。
I could not see [meet] him yesterday.
 (9) 〔電話で〕メアリーをお願いします[メアリーと話せますか]。
May [Can] I speak [talk] to Mary?

43. 不定詞 名詞的用法

◆ 不定詞の名詞的用法
名詞的用法「~すること」 主語と目的語になる
want hope 
begin start
like love 
decide be動詞 の後の目的語となるto不定詞は名詞的用法と考えていい。
上記の動詞が出てきた時点で、後ろの不定詞は「~すること」と訳せばいい。


次の文を用法に意識して和訳しましょう。

1) I want to buy the bike.
  私はその自転車を買いたいです.
2) To learn English is interesting.
  英語を学ぶことはおもしろいです.
3) My dream is to be a doctor.
  私の夢は医者になることです.
4) Jim decided to buy a new coat.
  ジムは新しいコートを買うことを決めました.
5) To study every day is important.
  毎日勉強することが大切です.
6) My plan is to study abroad.
  私の計画は留学することです.
7) I decided not to be late for school again.
  私は二度と学校に遅刻しないと決心しました.
8) My dream is to be an astronaut.
  私の夢は宇宙飛行士になることです.
9) I want to be a cook in the future.
  私は将来,コック[シェフ]になりたいです.
10) Our family's plan is to build a new house.
  私たちの家族の計画は新しい家を建てることです.
11) My father decided not to buy the car.
  私の父はその車を買わないことに決めました.
12) My sister hopes to travel around the world someday.
  私の姉[妹]はいつか世界中を旅行することを望んでいます.
13) To read books in such a dark room is bad for your eyes.
  そんな暗い部屋で本を読むのは目に悪いです.
14) Ken and Tom don't want to talk to each other.     
 Do you know the reason?
  ケンとトムはお互いに話をしたがりません.    
その理由を知っていますか?
15) I decided to be a doctor to help people.
  私は人々を助けるために医者になろうと決めました.
16) To live abroad is the best way to master a foreign language.
  外国に住むことが外国語を習得する一番よい方法です.

44. 不定詞 副詞的用法

◆  不定詞の副詞的用法
副詞的用法 「~するために・~なので」
 ・to不定詞の後ろの部分が目的語が揃い完結しているところが特徴!
  不定詞の前と不定詞の後で文章がそれぞれ完結している
 ・happy,sad,gladなどの直後に置いて感情の原因、判断の根拠を表す用法もある


次の文を用法に意識して和訳しましょう。

17) I got up early to catch the first train.
  私は始発電車に乗るために早く起きました.
18) I went to the station to meet Mr. Lee.
  私はリーさんを迎えるために駅へ行った.
19) I study English to talk with people around the world.
  私は世界中の人々と話すために英語を勉強しています.
20) I study English to read English news on the Internet.
  私はインターネット上の英語ニュースを読むために英語を勉強しています.
21) Why did you get up so early?     
― To watch the soccer game on TV.
  なぜそんなに早く起きたのですか.     
― テレビでサッカーの試合を見るためです.
22) I raised my hand to ask some questions.  raise「~を上げる」
  私はいくつか質問をするために,手を上げた.
23) I'm glad to see you.
  私はあなたにお会いできてうれしいです.
24) He must be a genius to solve such a problem.
  そんな問題が解けるなんて,彼は天才にちがいありません.
25) I was sad to hear the news.
  私はその知らせを聞いて悲しかった.
26) They were surprised to know the fact.
  彼らはその事実を知って驚いた.
27) You must be tired to make such a mistake.
  そんなまちがいをするなんて君は疲れているにちがいない.
28) I was very happy to get a lot of flowers for my birthday.
  私は誕生日にたくさんの花をもらってとてもうれしかったです.
29) You were careless to leave your umbrella on the bus.
  バスにかさを置き忘れるとは,君は不注意だったね.「~を置き忘れる」leave
30) Ms. Tanaka must be rich to have such an expensive car.
  そんな高価な車を持っているなんて,田中さん[先生]はお金持ちにちがいない.
31) Mike was very glad to get a present from his friend.
  マイクは友だちから贈り物[プレゼント]をもらってとてもうれしかった.
32) You were careless to make such a mistake.
  そんなまちがいをするなんて,あなたは不注意でしたね.

45. 不定詞一副詞的用法(目的を表す用法)

次の〈例〉にならって,( )内の日本語を英語になおして全文を書きなさい。

  〈例〉He came here (私に会うために).→ He came here to see me.

 (1) They sometimes go to the park (テニスをするために).
They sometimes go to the park to play tennis.
 (2) I'll go to America (英語を勉強するために).
I'll go to America to study English.
 (3) Yesterday Jane stayed home (お母さんの手伝いをするために).
Yesterday Jane stayed home to help her mother.
 (4 )I often go to the library (宿題をするために).
I often go to the library to do my homework.
 (5) He sometimes comes to this restaurant (デイナーを食べるために).
He sometimes comes to this restaurant to eat dinner.
 (6) This morning I got up early (散歩をするために)?
This morning I got up early to take a walk.
 (7) I often go to the park (絵をかくために).
I often go to the park to draw [paint] pictures.
 (8) Mike went to the shop (カメラを買うために).
Mike went to the shop to buy a camera.

46. 不定詞一副詞的用法(目的を表す用法)

次の日本文に合う英文を,( )内の語を使って書きなさい。

 (1) 彼らは日本語を勉強するために日本へ来ました。

  ( Japan / study / they / Japanese / to / to / came )

They came to Japan to study Japanese.
 (2) 私は本を読むためによく図書館へ行きます。

  ( often / read / the / to / to / I / library / go / books )

I often go to the library to read books.
 (3) 彼は写真をとるために公園へ行きました。

  ( went / take / to / to / pictures / the / he / park )

He went to the park to take pictures.
 (4) 私は宿題をするために家にいました。

  ( stayed / to / I / my / homework / do / home )

I stayed home to do my homework.
 (5) 彼女は医者になるために一生けんめい勉強した。

  ( become / hard / she / to / doctor / studied / a )

She studied hard to become a doctor.
 (6) 彼らはお寺を見るために京都を訪れるつもりです。

  ( going / temples / they / to / to / see / visit / are / Kyoto )

They are going to visit Kyoto to see temples.

47. 不定詞一名詞的用法・副詞的用法

次の各組の下線部の語句のはたらきに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) I went to the park to play tennis.
(a) 私はテニスをするために公園へ行った 。
  I like to play tennis.
  (b) 私はテニスをするのが好きだ。
  I want to play tennis.
  (c) 私はテニスをしたい 。
 (2) Mary came to Japan to study Japanese.
(a) メアリーは日本語を勉強するために日本へ来た。
  Mary likes to study Japanese.
  (b) メアリーは日本語を勉強するのが好きだ。
 (3) I worked hard to buy a new car.
(a) 私は新しい車を買うために一生けんめい働いた 。
  I wanted to buy a new car.
  (b) 私は新しい車を買いたい 。
 (4) He came here to take pictures.
(a) 彼は写真をとるためにここに来た。
  He likes to take pictures.
  (b) 彼は写真をとるのが好きだ。
 (5) We visited Kyoto to see old temples.
(a) 私たちは古い寺を見るために京都を訪れた 。
  We want to see old temples in Kyoto.
  (b) 私たちは京都の古い寺を見たい 。
 (6) Mike went to the library to read books.
(a) マイクは本を読むために図書館へ行った 。
  Mike likes to read books.
  (b) マイクは本を読むのが好きだ。
 (7) I have to study hard to be a scientist.
(a) 私は科学者になるために一生けんめい勉強しなければならない 。
  I want to be a scientist.
  (b) 私は科学者になりたい 。
 (8) She wanted some apples to make a cake.
(a) 彼女はケーキを作るためにいくつかのりんごがほしかった。
  She wanted to make a cake.
  (b) 彼女はケーキを作りたいと思った 。

48. 不定詞 形容詞的用法

◆  不定詞の形容詞的用法
形容詞的用法「~するための・~すべき」 前の名詞に係っていく
・形容詞的用法は、to不定詞の直前にある名詞を修飾するので、to不定詞の前には原則として、名詞があるがそれだけでは判断できない。
形容詞的用法では、目的語がないなど、to不定詞の後が不完全な状態になっている。
~thing(s)   place time   way    の後の to不定詞 は 形容詞的用法 であることが多い。


次の文を用法に意識して和訳しましょう。

33) I have some books to read this week.
  私には今週読むべき本が何冊かあります.
34) I want something cold to drink.
  私は何か冷たい飲み物がほしいです.
35) They didn't have a house to live in.
  彼らには住む家がありませんでした.
36) I have a lot of things to do today.
  私には今日すべきことがたくさんあります.
37) There are a lot of places to visit around here.
  このあたりには訪れるべき場所がたくさんあります.
38) I want something hot to eat.
  私は何か温かい食べ物がほしい.
39) Jim has something to eat.
  ジムは何か食べるものを持っています.
40) Jim has something to eat with.
  ジムは食べる道具を持っています.
41) I have a lot of things to talk about.
  私には話すべきことがたくさんあります.
42) My sister has a lot of homework to do tonight.
  姉には今夜するべき宿題がたくさんあります.
43) The young person didn't have a house to live in.
  その若者には住む家がありませんでした.
44) Do you have a knife?     
   I don't have anything to cut this cake with.
  ナイフを持っていますか.     
私はこのケーキを切るものを何も持っていません.
45) I decided to be a doctor to help people.
  私は人々を助けるために医者になろうと決めました.
46) To live abroad is the best way to master a foreign language.
  外国に住むことが外国語を習得する一番よい方法です.

49. 不定詞一形容詞的用法と他の用法

次の各組の下線部の語句のはたらきに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) I went to the restaurant to eat lunch.
(a) 私は昼食を食べるためにそのレストランへ行った
  I want to eat sushi.
  (b) 私はすしを食べたい 。
  I have something to eat.
  (c) 私は何か食べるものを持っている 。
 (2) Mike likes to read books.
(a) マイクは本を読むのが好きだ。
  Mike often comes here to read books.
  (b) マイクはよく本を読みにここへ来る 。
  Mike has no time to read books.
  (c) マイクは本を読むための時聞がない。
 (3) I want to do the work by myself.
(a) 私はその仕事を自分でしたい 。
  I went there to do the work.
  (b) 私はその仕事をするためにそこへ行った 。
  I have a lot of work to do.
  (c) 私はしなければならない仕事が たくさんある。
 (4) I want to see Mr. Smith.
(a) 私はスミスさんに会いたい 。
  I went there to see Mr. Smith.
  (b) 私はスミスさんに会うためにそこへ行った 。
  There are many places to see in Kyoto.
  (c) 京都には見るべき場所が たくさんある。
 (5) I want to learn a lot of things at school.
(a) 私は学校で多くのことを学びたい 。
  I go to school to learn a lot of things.
  (b) 私は多くのことを学ぶために学校へ行く 。
  There are many things to learn at school.
  (c) 学校には学ぶべきものがたくさんある。

50. 不定詞一形容詞的用法

次の日本語に合う英文を,( )内の語(句)を使って書きなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) あなたは何か飲むものを持っていますか。

   (anything / have / drink / you / to / do )

Do you have anything to drink?
 (2) 私はきのう,しなければならないたくさんの宿題があった。

   (do / had / homework / yesterday / I / a lot of / to )

I had a lot of homework to do yesterday.
 (3) ここにあなたに見せる写真があります。

   (are / some / here / show / pictures / you / to )

Here are some pictures to show you.
 (4) 彼には子どもと遊ぶための時間がない。

   (time / he / no / to / has / with / children / play / his )

He has no time to play with his children.
 (5) その国には訪れるべき都市がたくさんあります。

   (country / visit / are / cities / there / many / in / to / the )

There are many cities to visit in the country.
 (6) 私に何か読むものを持ってきてくれませんか。

   (bring / will / me / to / you / read / something )

Will you bring me something to read?
 (7) 彼女はその山に登った最初の女性でした。

   (climb / she / the first woman / was / to / the mountain )

She was the first woman to climb the mountain.

51. 不定詞 3用法まとめ

◆ 不定詞の名詞的用法
名詞的用法「~すること」 主語と目的語になる
want hope 
begin start
like love 
decide be動詞 の後の目的語となるto不定詞は名詞的用法と考えていい。
上記の動詞が出てきた時点で、後ろの不定詞は「~すること」と訳せばいい。
◆  不定詞の副詞的用法
副詞的用法 「~するために・~なので」
 ・to不定詞の後ろの部分が目的語が揃い完結しているところが特徴!
  不定詞の前と不定詞の後で文章がそれぞれ完結している
 ・happy,sad,gladなどの直後に置いて感情の原因、判断の根拠を表す用法もある
◆  不定詞の形容詞的用法
形容詞的用法「~するための・~すべき」 前の名詞に係っていく
・形容詞的用法は、to不定詞の直前にある名詞を修飾するので、to不定詞の前には原則として、名詞があるがそれだけでは判断できない。
形容詞的用法では、目的語がないなど、to不定詞の後が不完全な状態になっている。
~thing(s)   place time   way    の後の to不定詞 は 形容詞的用法 であることが多い。

 日本語に訳してから不定詞の用法を判断するのではなく、文の構造から不定詞の用法を見分けられるようになると、英文を読むのが早くなります。


 次の文を不定詞の用法をどれか指摘し、かつ日本語になおしなさい。

1. I want to listen to rock music.
名詞的用法 : 私はロックミュージックを聞きたい。
2. I went to the concert to listen to rock music.
副詞的用法 : 私はロックミュージックを聞くためにコンサートへ行った。
3. I am very glad to listen to rock music.
副詞的用法 : 私はロックミュージックを聞けて大変嬉しい。
4. He went to the library to study history.
副詞的用法 : 彼は歴史の勉強をするために図書館へ行った。
5. My brother likes to study animals.
名詞的用法 : 私の弟は動物の勉強をするのが好きです。
6. To study English is not interesting to me.
名詞的用法 : 英語を勉強することは私にとっておもしろくない。
7. We have a lot of things to do today.
形容詞的用法 : 私達は今日しなければならないことがたくさんあります。
8. I don't want to do this English homework.
名詞的用法 : 私はこの英語の宿題をしたくない。
9. Why did you get up so early ? To do my homework.
副詞的用法 : あなたはどうしてそんなに早く起きたのですか。宿題をするためです。
10. He must work hard to help his father.
副詞的用法 : 彼はお父さんを助けるために一生懸命働かなければなりません。
11. She began to help her mother in the kitchen.
名詞的用法 : 彼女は台所で母親の手伝いをしはじめた。
12. There are a lot of interesting things to see in Paris.
形容詞的用法 : パリには見るべきおもしろいものがたくさんある。
13. I am very glad to see you again.
副詞的用法 : 私はあなたにまたお会いできて大変嬉しい。
14. Will you give me something to read, please ?
形容詞的用法 : どうか私に何か読むものを下さいませんか。
15. My sister likes to read comic books very much.
名詞的用法 : 私の妹は漫画本を読むのが大変好きです。
16. Yesterday I went to the hospital to see my sister.
副詞的用法 : 昨日私は妹の見舞いに病院へ行った。
17. Did he want to see my sister in the hospital?
名詞的用法 : 彼は病院にいる私の妹に会いたかったのですか。
18. Those girls don't like to catch fish in the river.
名詞的用法 : あの少女たちは川で魚釣りをするのは好きではありません。
19. Did the boys run to catch the bus ?
副詞的用法 : その少年たちはバスに間に合うために走ったのですか。
20. Will you please give me something to eat ?
形容詞的用法 : どうか私に何か食べるものを下さいませんか。
21. We went to a restaurant to eat Mexican food.
副詞的用法 : 私達はメキシコ料理を食べるためにレストランへ行った。
22. My brother's hobby is to play tennis and baseball.
名詞的用法 : 私の弟の趣味はテニスと野球をすることです。
23. He went to the park to play tennis with his friends.
副詞的用法 : 彼は友達とテニスをするために公園へ行った。
24. They wanted to buy some interesting books.
名詞的用法 : 彼らは何かおもしろい本を買いたかった。
25. My mother went to a supermarket to buy some milk.
副詞的用法 : 私の母はミルクを少し買うためにスーパーマーケットへ行った。
26. She will go to the United States to learn English.
副詞的用法 : 彼女は英語を学ぶために合衆国へ行きます。
27. Which do you want to learn English or French ?
名詞的用法 : あなたは英語とフランス語のどちらを学びたいですか。
28. I wanted to sit but there were no chairs to sit on.
形容詞的用法 : 私は座りたかったけれどそこには座るための椅子はなかった。
29. I want to go to the concert to enjoy rock music.
副詞的用法 : 私はロックミュージックを楽しむためにコンサートへ行きたい。
30. Do you want to take a taxi home or to walk home ?
どちらも名詞的用法 : あなたは家までタクシーに乘って帰りたいですか、それとも歩いて帰りたいですか。
31. Your parents will be very glad to hear the news.
副詞的用法 : あなたの両親はその知らせを聞くと大変喜ぶでしょう。
32. Do you like to learn about Japan ?
名詞的用法 : あなたは日本について学ぶことが好きですか。

52. 不定詞 3用法まとめ 和訳

次の日本文を名詞的用法・副詞的用法・形容詞的用法かを意識して英語になおしなさい。

この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

 (1) マイクは日本語を勉強するために日本へ来ました。
Mike came to Japan to study Japanese.
 (2) 私の父は車を運転するのが好きです。
My father likes to drive a car.
 (3) 私に何か食べるものを持ってきてくれませんか。
Will you bring me something to eat?
 (4) 私の弟は科学者になりたいと思っています。
My brother wants to be a scientist.
 (5) 彼らはきよう,するべき宿題がたくさんあります。
They have a lot of homework to do today.
 (6) 私たちは野球をしに公園へ行くつもりです。
We are going to go to the park to play baseball.
 (7) 私たちの国には訪れるべき美しい場所がたくさんあります。
There are many beautiful places to visit m our country.
 (8) 彼は新しい家を買うために一生けんめい働きました。
He worked hard to buy a new house.
 (9) 私は3日前にこの本を読み始めた。
I began [started] to read this book three days ago.
 (10) 彼女は医者になるために一生けんめい勉強した。
She studied hard to be a doctor.
 (11) あなたは将来何になりたいのですか。
What do you want to be in the future?

53. 〈to +動詞の原形〉を含むいろいろな表現

 次の英文を日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) I would like to talk with Mr. Smith.
私はスミスさんとお話をしたいと思っています。
 (2) We'd like to go the zoo today.
私たちはきょう動物園に行きたい。
 (3) Would you like to come to our party?
私たちのバーティーへお越しになりませんか。
 (4) I was very happy to hear the news.
私はその知らせを聞いてとてもうれしかった。
 (5) She was happy to pass the exam.
彼女は試験に合格してうれしかった。
 (6) I was very surprised to hear the news.
私はその知らせを聞いてとても驚いた。
 (7) She was sad to know the truth.
彼女は真実を知って悲しかった。
 (8) He became sad to see the poor children.
彼はそのかわいそうな子どもたちに会って悲しくなった。

54. 動名詞の意味とはたらき

次の各組のing形の意味とはたらきのちがいに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

 (1) We were swimming in the sea at that time.
(a)私たちはそのとき海で泳いでいました。
  We enjoyed swimming in the sea.
(b)私たちは海で泳いで楽しんだ。
 (2) I was reading the book then.
(a)私はそのときその本を読んでいた。
  I finished reading the book yesterday.
(b)私はきのうその本を読み終えた。
 (3) Mike was talking with Ken at that time.
(a)マイクはそのときケンと話をしていた。
  Please stop talking.
(b)どうぞ話すのをやめてください。

55. 動名詞を目的語とする動詞

次の日本文を,あとの( )内の語を適当な形になおして,英語になおしなさい。

 (1) 私たちは昨夜,音楽を聞いて楽しみました。(listen)
We enjoyed listening to music last night.
 (2) 彼らは放課後,野球をして楽しみます。(play)
They enjoy playing baseball after school.
 (3) あなたはいつその手紙を書き終えたのですか。(write )
When did you finish writing the letter?
 (4) 彼らはそのとき歌うのをやめました。(sing)
They stopped singing at that time.
 (5) 雨は1時間前にやんだ。(rain )
It stopped raining an hour ago.

56. 動名詞・現在分詞 2種類の-ing形

ing形の判別  -ingの形になるのは 現在分詞(進行形)と動名詞

現在分詞be動詞+~ing の形で進行形を作り、
  「~している・~していた」を意味するing形。 
動名詞 → ingがつくことにより、動詞が名詞化し、「~すること」と訳す。
  文の主語、動詞や前置詞の目的語になる。

現在分詞か動名詞なのかを指摘して、次の文を日本語に訳しなさい。

1. He was studying English then.
彼はそのとき英語を勉強していた。 (現在分詞)
2. Studying English is very important.
英語を勉強することはとても大切です。  (動名詞)
3. She is writing a letter in her room.
彼女は自分の部屋で手紙を書いています。 (現在分詞)
4. Writing a story in English isn't easy.
英語で物語を書くのは簡単ではない。   (動名詞)
5. My father was driving very fast.
私の父はとても速く運転していた。 (現在分詞)
6. Driving a car is not easy.
車を運転することはやさしくない。   (動名詞)
7. They are watching television now.
彼らは今テレビを見ています。 (現在分詞)
8. Watching television is interesting.
テレビを見ることはおもしろい。   (動名詞)
9. She was taking a dog in the park.
彼女は公園で犬を連れていた。 (現在分詞)
10. My hobby is taking pictures.
私の趣味は写真を撮ることです。   (動名詞)
11. My sister is sleeping now.
妹は今眠っています。 (現在分詞)
12. Sleeping is necessary to all animals.
寝ることはすべての動物に必要です。  (動名詞)
13. They are playing tennis over there.
彼らは向こうでテニスをしています。 (現在分詞)
14. My brother is good at playing the violin.
兄はバイオリンを弾くのが得意です。  (動名詞)
15. Many boys are swimming in the sea.
多くの少年たちが海で泳いでいます。 (現在分詞)
16. Swimming in the sea is a lot of fun.
海で泳ぐことはとても楽しい。  (動名詞)
17. An old man was making a speech in the park.
老人が公園で演説をしていました。 (現在分詞)
18. Making a speech is very difficult.
演説をすることはとても難しい。  (動名詞)
19. Jane is dancing with her boyfriend.
ジェーンは彼女のボーイフレンドと踊っています。 (現在分詞)
20. They enjoyed dancing very much.
彼らは踊って大変楽しんだ。  (動名詞)
21. He is listening to the radio now.
彼は今ラジオを聞いています。 (現在分詞)
22. I like listening to the radio.
私はラジオを聞くことが好きです。  (動名詞)
23. Lucy was reading a book then.
ルーシーはその時本を読んでいました。 (現在分詞)
24. She is fond of reading books.
彼女は本を読むのが好きです。  (動名詞)
25. They are working very hard.
彼らはとても熱心に働いている。 (現在分詞)
26. They began working very hard.
彼らはとても熱心に働き始めた。  (動名詞)
27. The children were playing in the park.
子供達はその公園で遊んでいました。 (現在分詞)
28. The children stopped playing in the park.
子供達はその公園で遊ぶのをやめました。  (動名詞)
29. My father is smoking now.
父は今たばこを吸っています。 (現在分詞)
30. Smoking is not good for health.
たばこを吸うのは健康によくありません。  (動名詞)
31. All the students were swimming.
生徒全員が泳いでいました。 (現在分詞)
32. All the students enjoyed swimming.
生徒全員が泳ぐのを楽しみました。  (動名詞)

57. 不定詞・動名詞・現在分詞

不定詞とing形の用法を整理してみましょう。

① 不定詞の3用法(名詞的 副詞的 形容詞的
 ② 不定詞を目的語にとる動詞 (まだやってない)
 ③ 動名詞を目的語にとる動詞 (すでにしてしまった 今やっているところ)
 ④ 前置詞+動名詞 (熟語表現として覚えよう!)
 ⑤ 現在進行形・過去進行形を作る

目的語に不定詞を取る動詞と、動名詞を取る動詞の見分け方 

to不定詞は、「まだ実現・実行していないことに、これから向かう」イメージ。まだ実現していない出来事について、「これから実現しよう」「実現できたらいいな」というニュアンスの動詞は、to不定詞を目的語にとります

動名詞は「動作の途中・すでに起きた出来事や行為」のイメージ。
 動詞のイメージで区別しよう!


次の文の意味を考えながら、(     )内の語のうち適当なものを選びなさい。

1. I want (to read, reading) this English book.
to read  ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
2. My brother is fond of (to play, playing) tennis.
playing   ※ be fond of~ ing  ~するのが好き
3. Our teacher is (to play, playing) the violin in the room.
playing    ※ 現在進行形
4. We went to the ball park (to see, seeing) the game.
to see  ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
5. My mother was (to wash, washing) the dishes then.
washing   ※ 過去進行形
6. Mr.Brown is good at (to drive, driving) a car.
driving    ※ be good at ~ing ~するのが上手
7. When I came home, she was (to watch, watching) TV.
watching   ※ 過去進行形
8. He went out without (to have, having) breakfast.
having   ※ without ~ing ~することなしで
9. I went there (to play, playing) baseball with them.
to play     ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
10. They hoped (to visit, visiting) London.
to visit  ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
11. Did you finish (to read, reading) this newspaper ?
reading    ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
12. Do they want (to make, making) a model plane ?
to make  ※ want to~  ~したい
13. Did you run (to catch, catching) the bus ?
to catch  ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
14. When did they enjoy (to play, playing) soccer ?
playing     ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞
15. When I went to the park, it began (to rain, raining).
to rain [raining]  ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。今回はどちらとも考えられるので、不定詞・動名詞どちらでもいい。
16. He tried (to answer, answering) the difficult question.
to answer ※ try to~ ~しようとする / try ~ing 試しに~してみる
17. We got some money by (to sell, selling) flowers.
selling   ※ 前置詞のあとは動名詞
18. It will stop (to rain, raining) soon.
raining  ※ stop ~ing ~することをやめる / stop to ~ ~するために立ち止まる
19. I had to stay home (to help, helping) my mother.
to help   ※ 不定詞の副詞的用法
20. There are a lot of places (to see, seeing) in Paris.
to see  ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
21. Please lend me interesting books (to read, reading).
to read   ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
22. Why did you stop (to study, studying) Chinese ?
studying   ※ stop ~ing ~することをやめる / stop to ~ ~するために立ち止まる
23. I have a lot of things (to do, doing) today.
to do  ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
24. I wish (to talk, talking) with that artist.
to talk   ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。
25. Where are they going (to play, playing) baseball?
to play  ※ 未来(予定)を表す be going to
26. I'm looking forward to (see, seeing) him.
seeing   ※ look forward to ~ing ~するのを楽しみにしている
27. We had no time (to visit, visiting) the museum.
to visit  ※ 不定詞の形容詞的用法
28. What book was she (to read, reading) there at that time ?
reading   ※ 過去進行形 (文末のthenや、 at that timeは過去進行形の特徴)
29. I'll have (to clean, cleaning) my own room tomorrow.
to clean   ※ have to ~ ~する必要がある
30. We are hoping (to visit, visiting) France this year.
to visit   ※ まだやっていないのなら不定詞・すでにやっているのなら動名詞。

58. 能動態と受動態

受動態は、目的語を主語にして「~される」や「〜れる」といった表現をあらわします。
英語では、"be動詞 + 過去分詞"の形が基本。
①  目的語が主語 + be動詞  + 過去分詞 +(by もとの主語)
②  目的語が主語 + 助動詞(not) + be + 過去分詞 +(by もとの主語)
 能動態の文が受動態の文に変わるということは、一般動詞の文はBe動詞の文に変わるということです。
 否定文を作るには ①の受動態の文ではBe動詞の直後にnotを加え、②の受動態の文では助動詞の直後にnotを加えます。
 疑問文を作るには ①の受動態の文ではBe動詞を文頭に移動し、②の受動態の文では助動詞を文頭に移動します(beは移動しません)。

なお、例外的にby以外の前置詞を必要とする表現にも注意しましょう。 

  • be covered with → ~で覆われている
  • be known to → ~に知られている
  • be surprised at → ~に驚く
  • be satisfied with → ~に満足している
  • be interested in → ~に興味がある
  • be pleased with → ~を気に入っている、満足している
  • be delighted with → ~を喜んでいる
  • be filled with → ~で満たされている
  • be made of → ~で作られている(素材の形が変わっていない)
    例:「This table is made of wood.」(このテーブルは木で作られている)
  • be made from → ~から作られている(素材の形が変わっている)
    例:「Cheese is made from milk.」(チーズは牛乳から作られている)
  • be [   ][   ] → ~で覆われている
    be [   ][   ] → ~に知られている
    be [   ][   ] → ~に驚く
    be [s   ][   ] → ~に満足している
    be [   ][   ] → ~に興味がある
    be [p   ][   ] → ~を気に入っている、満足している
    be [   ][   ] → ~を喜んでいる
    be [   ][   ] → ~で満たされている
    be [   ][   ] → ~で作られている(素材の形が変わっていない)
    be [   ][   ] → ~から作られている(素材の形が変わっている)

    次の日本文に合うように、( )内の語を参考にして英文を完成しなさい。

     (1) スミス先生は生徒たちに好かれています。(like )

       Mr. Smith _________ _________ by the students.

    is liked
     (2) その店は2時間前に閉められました。(close)

       The shop _________ _________ two hours ago.

    was closed
     (3) 私たちの国では英語が話されています。(speak )

       English _________ _________ is our country.

    is spoken
     (4) これらの手紙は私の父によって書かれました。(write)

       These letters _________ _________ by my father.

    were written
     (5) この図書館は多くの人々に利用されています。(use)

       This library _________ _________ by many people.

    is used
     (6) このカップは私の弟によってこわされました。(break)

       This cup _________ _________ by my brother.

    was broken
     (7) これらの本は多くの若い人々に読まれています。(read)

       These books _________ _________ by a lot of young people.

    are read
     (8) 英語は日本の大部分の高校で教えられています。(teach )

       English _________ _________ in most Japanese high schools.

    is taught
     (9) 私たちの学校は50年前に建てられました。(build)

       Our school _________ _________ fifty years ago.

    was built
     (10) その歌は世界中で歌われています。(sing)

       The song _________ _________ all over the world.

    is sung

    59. 能動態 → 受動態

    次の文を受動態に書き換えなさい。

    1. We study English at school.
    English is studied at school (by us).   ※ 一般人を指す主語は受動態にした場合、省略するのが通常。
    2. Mary cleans the room every day.
    The room is cleaned by Mary every day.
    3. My brother washes the car.
    The car is washed by my brother.
    4. Mr.Smith built this house.
    This house was built by Mr.Smith.
    5. The boy broke the window yesterday.
    The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
    6. You must clean this room.
    This room must be cleaned by you.
    7. She will teach English.
    English will be taught by her.
    8. I don't like this cat.
    This cat isn't liked by me.
    9. My father doesn't wash the car.
    The car isn't washed by my father.
    10. They don't sell these books.
    These books aren't sold by them.
    11. My sister doesn't open these windows.
    These windows aren't opened by my sister.
    12. Nancy didn't write those letters.
    Those letters weren't written by Nancy.
    13. I didn't do the English homework.
    The English homework wasn't done by me.
    14. She didn't eat all the apples.
    All the apples weren't eaten by her.
    15. You didn't bring the book.
    The book wasn't brought by you.
    16. Nancy won't take this bag.
    This bag won't be taken by Nancy.
    17. Tom cannot read this book.
    This book cannot be read by Tom.
    18. Does your sister use this desk ?
    Is this desk used by your sister?
    19. Do her friends help Nancy ?
    Is Nancy helped by her friends?
    20. Do you speak English here ?
    Is English spoken here by you?
    21. Did your uncle paint this picture ?
    Was this picture painted by your uncle?
    22. Did the doctor save many people ?
    Were many people saved by the doctor?
    23. Did they close the library at six ?
    Was the library closed at six by them?
    24. Will he drive this car ?
    Will this car be driven by him?
    25. Must you clean your room ?
    Must your room be cleaned by you?
    26. When do you help your mother ?
    When is your mother helped by you?
    27. Where does he sell the flowers ?
    Where are the flowers sold by him?
    28. How many books did you buy ?
    How many books were bought by you?
    29. Where can I buy this book ?
    Where can this book be bought by me?
    30. Why will they build the tower there ?
    Why will the tower be built there by them?

    60. 受動態と能動態


    受動態の文を能動態の文に変えると、
    ①  目的語+ am/is/are/was/were  + 過去分詞 +(by もとの主語)の受動態の文は一般動詞の文に変化してBe動詞が消えてなくなる
    ②  目的語+ 助動詞(not) + be + 過去分詞 +(by もとの主語)の受動態の文は助動詞を含む文ですが、「助動詞+動詞の原形」に変わります。


    次の文を能動態に書き換えなさい。

    1. The car is washed by him every day.
    He washes the car every day.
    2. That car is driven by my brother.
    My brother drives that car.
    3. This story was written by Mr.Smith.
    Mr.Smith wrote this story.
    4. Those books were carried by them.
    They carried those books.
    5. This story will be read by the boys.
    The boys will read this story.
    6. The car isn't washed by him.
    He doesn't wash the car.
    7. French isn't studied in our school.
    We don't study French in our school.
    8. Those dolls weren't made by her.
    She didn't make those dolls.
    9. The story wasn't told by him.
    He didn't tell the story.
    10. Those CDs won't be used by him.
    He won't use those CDs.
    11. Is your room cleaned by your mother ?
    Does your mother clean your room?
    12. Were these windows broken by them ?
    Did they break these windows?
    13. Will the book be read by her ?
    Will she read the book?
    14. When was this house built by him ?
    When did he build this house?
    15. Where was the camera bought by you ?
    Where did you buy the camera?

    61. 受け身の文

    次の日本文を英語になおしなさい。

     (1) この辞書は多くの学生に使われています。
    This dictionary is used by many students.
     (2) 私は生徒たちにたくさんの質問をされました。
    1 was asked a lot of questions by the students.
     (3) これらのコンピューターは日本製です。
    These computers are[were] made in Japan.
     (4) 私たちは去年,彼女の誕生パーティー( birthday party )に招待されました。
    We were invited to her birthday party last year.
     (5) あなたの学校で日本語が教えられていますか。/ いいえ。
    Is Japanese taught in your school? / No, it isn't.
     (6) この部屋は毎日掃除されますか。/ はい。
    Is this room cleaned every day? / Yes, it is.
     (7) この店ではカメラは売られていません。
    Cameras aren't sold at this shop.
     (8) この図書館はいつ建てられましたか。/ 2年前です。
    When was this library built? / It was built two years ago.
     (9) カナダ(Canada)では何語が話されていますか。/ 英語とフランス語が話されています。
    What language is spoken in Canada? / English and French are.
     (10) その鳥はどこで発見されましたか。/ オーストラリアで発見されました。
    Where was the bird found? / It was found in Australia.
     (11) この魚はいつ捕まえられたのですか。/ 1週間前です。
    When was this fish caught? / It was caught a week ago.

    62. 注意すべき受け身の文

    次の英文を日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) Cheese is made from milk.
    チーズは牛乳から作られる。
     (2) Wine is made from grapes.  * grape(s)ブドウ
    ワインはブドウから作られる。
     (3) The chair is made of wood.
    そのいすは木でできている。
     (4) Many things are made of bamboo here.  * bamboo 竹
    ここでは多くのものが竹で作られる。
     (5) The top of Mt. Fuji is covered with snow.
    富士山の頂上は雪でおおわれている。
     (6) I am interested in the history of the English language.
    私は英語の歴史に興味があります。

    63. 助動詞を含む受け身の文

    次の〈例〉にならって,あとの( )内の語を加えて全文を書きなおしなさい。

    〈例〉The top of Mt. Fuji is covered with snow. ( will / next month )

    → The top of Mt. Fuji will be covered with snow next month.

     (1) Many computers are used in my office. ( will )
    Many computers will be used in my office.
     (2) This book is read by a lot of people. ( will )
    This book will be read by a lot of people.
     (3) This work is finished today. ( must )
    This work must be finished today.

    64. 受け身を使ったいろいろな表現

    次の日本文に合う英文になるように _________ に適当な語を書き入れなさい。

     (1) バターは牛乳から作られます。

       Butter is _________ _________ milk.

    made from
     (2) このカップは紙でできています。

       This cup is _________ _________ paper.

    made of
     (3) 庭は落ち葉でおおわれています。   * fallen leaf 落ち葉

       The yard is _________ _________ fallen leaves.

    covered with
     (4) その犬はすぐに発見されるでしょう。

       The dog will _________ _________ soon.

    be found
     (5) その部屋は毎日掃除しなければならない。

       The room must _________ _________ every day.

    be cleaned
     (6) ここから富士山が見えます。

       Mt. Fuji can _________ _________ from here.

    be seen

    65. 疑問詞一覧 No.2

    疑問詞を使った疑問文の作り方

    What → 何
    Who → 誰Whose → 誰の
    Which → どちらの
    Where → どこ
    When → いつ
    Why → なぜ
    How many → いくつ
    How much → いくら
    How long → どのくらい長いかどのくらい続くか(時間)
    How old → 何歳かどのくらい古いか
    How tall → どのくらい高いか(身長)
    How high → どのくらい高いか(高さ)
    How far → どのくらい遠いかどのくらい離れているか(距離)
    How often → どのくらい頻繁にどれくらいの頻度で

    疑問詞の後ろに、英文の残りの部分を疑問文の語順にしてくっつければいいだけです


    次の文の(  )内をたずねる疑問文を答えなさい。

    1. The boys are going (to the British Museum) tomorrow.
    Where are the boys going tomorrow?
    2. You stayed at home (because it was raining hard).
    Why did you stay at home?
    3. That tower is (about two hundred feet high).
    How high is the tower?
    4. His sister likes (this doll better than that one).
    Which does his sister like, this doll or that one?
    5. It is (about ten miles) from here to the airport.
    How far is it from here to the airport?
    6. Your family (enjoyed playing tennis) last Sunday.
    What did your family do last Sunday?
    7. Tom got up early (to take his dog for a walk).
    Why did Tom get up early?
    8. Mr.and Ms.Jones were (very well).
    How were Mr.and Ms.Jones?
    9. His new bike is (200 dollars).
    How much is his new bike?
    10. His family stayed in London (for three weeks).
    How long did his family stay in London?
    11. The boys and girls liked Nagasaki (very much).
    How did the boys and girls like Nagasaki? ※ どうだった?と程度を聞いているので How
    12. Our teacher comes to school (by car).
    How does our teacher come to school?   ※ どうやって(手段)を聞いているので How
    13. (My sister) made that pretty basket.
    Who made that pretty basket?
    14. His brother is going to spend Christmas holidays (in Hawaii).
    Where is his brother going to spend Christmas holidays?
    15. Mr.Wilson came back from Canada (last August).
    When did Mr.Wilson come back from Canada?

    66. 疑問詞を使う一般動詞の文・ be動詞の文

     (1) 壁には絵が何枚ありますか。/ 3枚あります。
    How many pictures are there on the wall? / There are three (pictures).
     (2) その部屋には子どもが何人いますか。/ 4人います。
    How many children are there in the room? / There are four (children).
     (3) 彼は本を何冊持っていますか。/ およそ50冊持っています。
    How many books does he have? / He has about fifty (books).
     (4) あなたには兄弟が何人いますか。/ 3人います。
    How many brothers do you have? / I have three (brothers).
     (5) あなたの誕生日はいつですか。/ 8月20日です。
    When is your birthday? / It is August 20.
     (6) あなたはいつ宿題をしますか。/ たいてい夕食後にします。
    When do you do your homework? / I usually do my homework after dinner.
     (7) 私のバッグはどこにありますか。/ あのテーブルの上にあります。
    Where is my bag? / It's on that table.
     (8) あなたのおじさんはどこに住んでいますか。/ 大阪に住んでいます。
    Where does your uncle live? / He lives in Osaka.
     (9) 彼らはふつうどこで野球をしますか。/ 学校の近くの公園でします。
    Where do they usually play baseball? / They play baseball in the park near the school.
     (10) 日本では今,何時ですか。/ 午後3時30分です。
    What time is it now in Japan? / It's three thirty in the afternoon.
     (11) あなたは毎朝,何時に学校へ出かけますか。/ 8時に出かけます。
    What time do you leave for school every morning? IT leave for school at eight.
     (12) あなたのお母さんは何時に寝ますか。/ 11時ごろに寝ます。
    What time does your mother go to bed? / She goes to bed about eleven.
     (13) あの女の子はだれですか。/ 彼女はマイクの妹です。
    Who is that girl? / She is Mike's sister.
     (14) 毎朝だれがその窓を開けますか。/ 私の父が開けます。
    Who opens the window every morning? / My father does.
     (15) あなたの弟の名前は何といいますか。/ 彼の名前はケンです。
    What is your brother's name? / His name is Ken.
     (16) 彼は手に何を持っていますか。/ 大きなかばんを持っています。
    What does he have in his hand? / He has a big bag.
     (17) あなたは夕食後,何をしますか。/ たいていテレビを見ます。
    What do you do after dinner? IT usually watch TV.
     (18) あなたはどのようにして学校へ行きますか。/ バスで行きます。
    How do you go to school? IT go to school by bus.
     (19) あなたのお姉さんは何歳ですか。/ 20歳です。
    How old is your sister? / She is twenty (years old).

    67. 多義語の動詞

    多義語動詞(2つ以上の意味を表す重要な動詞)

    get, have, look, take, keep, find, grow, make, buy, try, call, be


     次の文を動詞の意味に注意して日本語になおしなさい。

    1. I got a letter from Maria this morning.
    私は今朝マリアから一通の手紙を受け取りました。
    2. I must get some fruit in the market.
    私は市場で少し果物を買わなければならない。
    3. Your daughter will soon get well.
    あなたのお嬢さんはすぐに良くなるでしょう。
    4. My father usually gets home about eight.
    私の父はたいてい8時頃に帰宅します。
    5. What do you have in your right hand ?
    あなたは右手に何をもっていますか。
    6. I had sandwiches and orange juice for lunch.
    私は昼食にサンドイッチとオレンジジュースを食べました。
    7. The boys had a very good time in the park.
    少年達は公園で大変楽しい時を過ごしました。
    8. My mother looks young in a white blouse.
    私の母は白のブラウスを着ると若く見える。
    9. Mary looks like her mother.
    メアリーは母親に非常に似ている。
    10. You must look carefully before you cross the street.
    あなたは道を渡る前には十分注意して見なければならない。
    11. Will you take me to town today ?
    今日私を町へ連れて行ってくれませんか。
    12. It takes nine hours from Tokyo to San Francisco by plane.
    東京からサンフランシスコまで飛行機で9時間かかります。
    13. We took a lot of pictures in Spain.
    私達はスペインでたくさん写真を撮りました。
    14. Please keep this book for me.
    どうか私のためにこの本をとっておいて下さい。
    15. My sister keeps a little bird.
    妹は小鳥を飼っています。
    16. Always keep your money in a safe place.
    お金はいつも安全な場所にしまっておきなさい。
    17. He found the key of his bicycle in the kitchen.
    彼は台所で彼の自転車の鍵を見つけました。
    18. I found that the computer games were very exciting.
    そのコンピューターゲームは大変面白いということが分かった。
    19. My uncle grows wheat on his farm.
    私のおじは農場で小麦を栽培しています。
    20. My younger brother is growing very fast.
    弟は大変速く成長しています。
    21. Did you make this dress or buy it ?
    あなたはこのドレスを作ったのですか、それとも買ったのですか。
    22. Will you make me a cup of coffee ?
    私にコーヒーを一杯いれてくれませんか。
    23. My brother bought a radio at the department store.
    兄はデパートでラジオを買いました。
    24. My uncle bought me a new bicycle for my birthday.
    おじは私の誕生日に新しい自転車を買ってくれました。
    25. I don't think I can do it, but I'll try.
    私はそれをやることが出来ないと思うがやってみるつもりだ。
    26. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not.
    彼はその木に登ろうとしたができなかった。   ※ try to~ ~しようとする
    27. I called him this morning but he was out.
    今朝 彼に電話したけれども彼はでかけていた。
    28. What do you call your little dog ?
    あなたはあなたの小犬を何と呼んでいますか。
    29. My brother is a doctor and my sister is a nurse.
    兄は医者で妹は看護婦です。
    30. I want to be a pilot when I grow up.
    私は大人になったらパイロットになりたい。
    31. Your mother was in the supermarket.
    あなたのお母さんはスーパーマーケットにいました。
    32. My father will be here soon.
    私の父はもうすぐここへ来るでしょう。

    68. 節と接続詞

     長い文の一部でありながら、「主語+動詞」の構造をもつ語群のことを節と呼びます。

     接続詞 thatによって導かれる名詞節や、接続詞 When, If, After, Because, Though などによって導かれる副詞節があります。


    次の文を日本語になおしなさい。

    1. My parents think that I am watching too much TV these days.
    両親は私が最近テレビを見過ぎていると思っています。
    2. I found that the video game was very interesting.
    私はビデオゲームが大変面白(いということが分)かった。
    3. The radio says that it's going to rain in the afternoon.
    ラジオでは午後に雨が降るだろうと予報しています。
    4. I hope that the warm spring will soon be here.
    私は暖かい春がもうすぐここに来ればいいなあと思います。
    5. I believe that they will come here tomorrow.
    私は彼らが明日ここへ来ると信じています。
    6. Please call me as soon as you get to the airport.
    どうか空港に着いたらすぐ私に電話して下さい。
    7. After I finished homework, I enjoyed a crossword puzzle.
    私は宿題を済ませた後クロスワードパズルを楽しみました。
    8. Before I go, I must phone my parents.
    私は出かけるまえに両親に電話しなければなりません。
    9. I couldn't go out because it rained hard yesterday.
    昨日は雨が激しく降ったので私は出かけることができませんでした。
    10. I'm glad that you are coming.
    私はあなたが来るので嬉しい。
    11. The milk is so hot that the baby can't drink it.
    ミルクが大変熱いのでその赤ん坊はそれを飲むことができない。
    12. Though she didn't know me, she helped me.    
    (比較) She didn't know me but she helped me.
    彼女は私を知らなかったけれども、私を助けてくれた。    
    彼女は私を知らなかった。しかし私を助けてくれた。
    13. When I was a boy, I was fond of fishing in the lake.    
     (比較) Do you know when the new airport will be opened ?
    私は少年の頃、湖で魚釣りをするのが好きでした。    
    あなたは新空港がいつオープンされるのか知っていますか。

    69. 前置詞と句

    次の各組の英文の下線部のはたらきに注意して,日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) The book on the desk is mine.
    (a) 机の上の本は私のです。
      Put your book on the desk.
      (b) あなたの本を机の上に置きなさい。
     (2) The boy at the door is my mend.
    (a) ドアのところにいる少年は私の友だちです。
      There is a boy at the door.
      (b) ドアのところに少年がひとりいます。
     (3) The coin in my hand is from Australia.
    (a) 私の手の中のコインはオーストラリアのものです。
      I have a coin in my hand.
      (b) 私は手にコインを持っています。
     (4) A woman with a child was standing at the bus stop.
    (a) 子どもを連れた女の人がバス停で立っていました。
      A woman came here with a child.
      (b) 女の人が子どもを連れてここに来ました。
     (5) The bookstore near my house is opened at ten.
    (a) 私の家の近くの本屋は10時に開店します。
      There is a bookstore near my house.
      (b) 私の家の近くに本屋があります。

    70. 時/期間を表す前置詞

    次の文の _________ に,in,on,at,forのうち適当な前置詞を書き入れなさい。

     (1) We have four classes _________ the morning.
    in
     (2) We don't have to go to school _________ Saturday.
    on
     (3) In America schools begin _________ September.
    in
     (4) I get up _________ seven every morning.
    at
     (5) A lot of people visit Hokkaido _________ summer.
    in
     (6) We clean our classroom _________ Monday.
    on
     (7) In Japan it rains a lot _________ June.
    in
     (8) We enjoy skiing _________ winter.
    in
     (9) This library was built _________ 1970.
    in
     (10) They stayed in Japan _________ two weeks.
    for
     (11) My mother always makes a cake _________ March 3.
    on
     (12) You can see a lot of stars here _________ night.
    at

    71. 場所を表す前置詞

    次の文の _________ に,あとの( )内の意味を参考にして,適当な前置詞を書き入れなさい。

     (1) There is a map _________ the wall.  (壁に)
    on
     (2) My brother lives _________ London.  (ロンドンに)
    in
     (3) Let's eat lunch _________ that tree.  (あの木の下で)
    under
     (4) There is a library _________ my house.  (私の家の近くに)
    near
     (5) Let's play baseball _________ the park.  (公園で)
    in
     (6) Please wait _________ the door.  (ドアのところで)
    at
     (7) I met Mr. Sato _________ the station.  (駅で)
    at
     (8) The house _________ the lake is mine.  (湖のそば[ほとり]の)
    by
     (9) The sun was shining _________ the mountain.  (山の上で)
    above
     (10) Taro is sitting _________ Yumi and Ken.  (ユミとケンの間に)
    between
     (11) There is a small cat _________ the bed.  (ベッドの上に)
    on

    72. 前置詞を含む連語

    次の文の _________ に,あとの( )内の日本語を参考にして適当な前置詞を書き入れなさい。

     (1) Let's play tennis _________ school.  (放課後)
    after
     (2) Is your father _________ home?  (在宅して)
    at
     (3) Mike came to Japan _________ the end of July.  (7 月末に)
    at
     (4) We live _________ the foot of Mt. Fuji.  (富士山のふもとに)
    at
     (5) Jane is _________ Australia.  (オーストラリア出身)
    from
     (6) I usually go to school _________ bus.  (バスで)
    by
     (7) He stayed at the hotel _________ a long time.  (長い間)
    for
     (8) They work _________ Monday _________ Friday.  (月曜から金曜まで)
    from, to
     (9) There is a library _________ front of the school.  (その学校の前に)
    in
     (10) I saw Taro _________ my way to school.  (学校へ行く途中で)
    on
     (11) _________ last he got to the top of the mountain.  (ついに)
    At
     (12) Start _________ once, and you'll catch the train.  (すぐに)
    at
     (13) He built his house _________ himself.  (彼ひとりで,独力で)
    by

    73. 前置詞を含む重要表現

    次の文の _________ に,あとの( )内の日本語を参考にして適当な前置詞を書き入れなさい。

     (1) I arrived _________ the hotel late in the evening.  (~に着く)
    at
     (2) He belongs _________ the art club at school.  (~に所属する)
    to
     (3) We got _________ the train at Tokyo Station.  (~に乗る)
    on
     (4) We got _________ the train at Yokohama Station.  (~から降りる)
    off
     (5) They got _________ Tokyo two days ago.  (~に着く)
    to
     (6) Father always helps me _________ my homework.  (…の~を手伝う)
    with
     (7) I usually leave _________ school at eight.  (~へ出かける)
    for
     (8) We sometimes listen _________ music after dinner.  (~を聞く)
    to
     (9) Boys and girls, look _________ the blackboard.  (~を見る)
    at
     (10) I am looking _________ my pen.  (~を探す)
    for
     (11) In summer my father takes us _________ the mountain.  (~へ連れていく)
    to
     (12) I'll take my camera _________ me.  (~を持っていく)
    with
     (13) We were waiting _________ the bus at the bus stop.  (~を待つ)
    for
     (14) Most students at this school walk _________ school.  (歩いて~へ行く)
    to
     (15) My father works _________ a bank in Tokyo.  (~に勤めている)
    for [at, in]
     (16) Please write _________ me soon.  (~に手紙を書く)
    to
     (17) We stayed _________ our uncle last summer.  (~〔人〕のところに滞在する)
    with
     (18) We stayed _________ the hotel last summer.  (~〔場所〕に滞在する)
    at
     (19) She took care _________ her sister.  (~の世話をする)
    of
     (20) Please put _________ your shoes here.  (~を脱ぐ)
    off
     (21) Put _________ your hat.  (~を身につける)
    on
     (22) Who are you thinking _________ ?  (~のことを考える,思う)
    of [about]
     (23) Did you make friends _________ students from other countries?  (~と友だちになる)
    with

    74 itの特別用法

    次の英文を日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) It rained a lot yesterday.
    きのうは雨がたくさん降った。
     (2) It is sunny today.
    きょうは晴れている。
     (3) It will be cloudy tomorrow.
    あしたは曇りだろう。
     (4) It is September 2 today.
    きょうは9月2日です。
     (5) It is Sunday today.
    きょうは日曜日です。
     (6) It is just five o'clock.
    ちょうど5時です。
     (7) What time is it now?
    今何時ですか。
     (8) It is summer in Australia now.
    オーストラリアは今夏です。
     (9) It is very hot today.
    きょうはとても暑い。
     (10) It was very cold last winter.
    この前の冬はとても寒かった。
     (11) It is ten kilometers from here to Tokyo.
    ここから東京まで10キロメートルあります。
     (12) It gets dark early in winter.
    冬は早く暗くなる。
     (13) It takes two hours to go there by bus.
    バスでそこへ行くのに2時間かかる。

    itの特別用法

    次の日本語文をitを主語にして英語になおしなさい。

     (1) きのうは雨が降らなかった。
    It did not rain yesterday.
     (2) きのうは晴れでしたか。/ はい。
    Was it sunny[fine] yesterday? / Yes, it was.
     (3) あしたは雨が降るでしょう。
    It will rain tomorrow. [It will be rainy tomorrow.]
     (4) きょうは12月2日です。
    It is December 2 (today).
     (5) きょうは何曜日ですか。/ 水曜日です。
    What day is it today? / It is Wednesday.
     (6) 今,12時30分です。
    It is twelve thirty now.
     (7) あしたは寒いでしよう。
    It will be cold tomorrow.
     (8) ここから駅まで2キロメートル(kilometer)あります。
    It is 2 [two] kilometers from here to the station.
     (9) この部屋の中は暖かい。
    It is warm in this room.
     (10) その建物の中は暗かった。
    It was dark in the building.
     (11) そこにバスで行くのにどのくらいの時間がかかりますか。  (How longで始めて)
    How long does it take to go there by bus?

    75.  and / or / but / so

    次の英文を日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) John and Mary love each other.
    ジョンとメアリーはお互いに愛し合っている。
     (2) He has long hair and wears jeans.  * jeans ジーンズ
    彼は長い髪をして,ジーンズをはいている
     (3) It is getting warmer and warmer.
    だんだん暖かくなっています。
     (4) Do you like baseball or basketball?
    あなたは野球が好きですか,それともバスケットボールが好きですか。
     (5) Which do you like better, summer or winter?
    あなたは夏と冬ではどちらが好きですか。
     (6) Are you going to stay home or go out this afternoon?
    あなたはきょうの午後は家にいますか,それとも外出しますか。
     (7) He is poor, but happy.
    彼は貧しいがしあわせだ。
     (8) I felt good this morning, but I feel sick
    けさは気分が良かったが,今は気分が悪い。
     (9) It got dark, so we went home.
    暗くなったので私たちは家に帰った。

     and / or / but / so

    次の文の_______にand, or, but, soのうち適当なものを書き入れなさい

     (1) Mr. Tanaka _______ my father are good friends.
    and
     (2) I wanted to use the computer, _______ my brother was using it.
    but
     (3) Last night I was tired, _______I went to bed early
    so
     (4) Is that bag yours _______ your sister's?
    or

    76. 命令文,and / or

    次の英文を日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
    一生けんめいに勉強しなさい。そうすれば試験に合格します。
     (2) Turn left at the first corner, and you will find the library.
    最初の角を左に曲がりなさい。そうすれば図書館が見つかります。
     (3) Start at once, or you will be late for school.
    すぐに出発しなさい。そうしないと学校に遅れますよ。

    命令文, and / or

    次の文の_______にand, orのうち適当なものを書き入れなさい。

     (1) Hurry up, _______ you will catch the last train.
    and
     (2) Put your coat on, _______ you will catch cold.  * catch cold かぜをひく
    or

    77. 接続詞のwhen

    次の文の(  )内の日本語を英語になおして,全文を書きなさい。

     (1) (私か帰宅したとき), my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
    When I came home, my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
     (2) (私かアメリカにいたとき),l took a lot of pictures.
    When I was in America, I took a lot of pictures.
     (3) (彼は子どものころ), he wanted to be a scientist.
    When he was a child, he wanted to be a scientist.
     (4) (私は大人になったら),l want to be a doctor.
    When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.
     (5) Give her this letter (彼女が帰宅したら).
    Give her this letter when she comes home.
     (6) I learned French (私が大学生のとき).
    I learned French when I was a college student.
     (7) You should read a lot of books (あなたたちが若いときに).
    You should read a lot of books when you are young.

     接続詞のwhen

    次の文を, whenのはたらきに注意して日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) When you called me, I was sleeping.
    あなたが私に電話をかけてきたとき,私は眠っていました。
     (2) When did you call me?
    あなたはいつ私に電話をしましたか。

    接続詞のwhen

    次の日本文に合う英文を,(  )内の語を使って書きなさい。ただし, whenで始めること。

    この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

     (1) 私か駅に着いたとき,雨が降り出しました。

          (it / arrived / to / at / began / rain / I / when / the / station / , )

    When I arrived at the station, it began to rain.
     (2) 彼が私を訪ねてきたとき,私はテレビを見ているところでした。

          (me / I / he / watching / visited / when / TV / was / , )

    When he visited me, I was watching TV.
     (3) 私がけさ起きたとき,外はまだ暗かった。

          (it / got / dark / was / I / up / this / morning / when / still / outside / , )

    When I got up this morning, it was still dark outside.
     (4) 私かこの本を読み終えたら,君に貸してあげます。

          (this / reading / when / lend / finish / to / I'll / you / book / I / it / , )

    When I finish reading this book, I'll lend it to you.
     (5) 春になると,私たちはきれいな花をたくさん見ることができます。

          (spring / when / we / a lot of / comes / can / beautiful flowers / see / , )

    When spring comes, we can see a lot of beautiful flowers.

    78. because / if

    次の文の(  )内の日本語を英語になおして,全文を書きなさい。

     (1) (彼女はとても親切なので), everyone likes her very much.
    Because she is very kind, everyone likes her very much.
     (2) (私はけさ遅く起きたので),l was late for school.
    Because I got up late this morning, I was late for school.
     (3) I cannot work today (とても疲れているので).
    I cannot work today because I am very tired.
     (4) We won the game (お互い助け合ったので).
    We won the game because we helped each other.
     (5) (もし,あす雨が降ったら), I'll stay home.
    If it rains tomorrow, I'll stay home.
     (6) (もし,あなたがその店に行くのなら), please buy some milk for me
    If you go to the shop, please buy some milk for me.
     (7) Study hard (もし,あなたが医者になりたいのなら).
    Study hard if you want to be a doctor.
     (8) You can learn a lot of things (もし,あなたがその本を読んだなら).
    You can learn a lot of things if you read the book.

    79. 接続詞のthat

    次の文を,日本語になおしなさい。

     (1) I know that he has a lot of things to do today.
    私は彼にはきようすることがたくさんあることを知っています。
     (2) I hope that you will write to me soon.
    私はあなたがすぐに私に手紙を書いてくれることを望みます。
     (3) I think that you should study harder.
    私はあなたはもっと一生けんめいに勉強すべきだと思います。
     (4) I think that tall man is our new teacher.
    私はあの背の高い男性は私たちの新しい先生だと思います。
     (5) I hope you will get well soon.
    私はあなたがすぐによくなればいいと思います。
     (6) I'm sure that she will come to the party tomorrow.
    私は彼女があすきっとパーティーに来ると思います。
     (7) I was sad I couldn't see them yesterday.
    私はきのう彼らに会えなかったことが悲しかったです。
     (8) My father always tells me that I should read more books.
    私の父はいつも私にもっと本を読むべきだと言います。
     (9) I want to show you that I can swim well.
    私はあなたに私が上手に泳げるということを見せたいです。
     (10) Did you tell them that you were hungry?
    あなたは彼らにお腹が空いていると言いましたか。

    接続詞のthat

    次の日本文に合う英文を(  )内の語を使って書きなさい,

    この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

     (1) 私は彼がとても上手に英語を話すことを知っている。

          (speaks / know / very / I / that / he / well / English )

    I know that he speaks English very well.
     (2) 私は彼女が病気で寝こんでいるのを知らなかった。

          (sick / didn't / she / I / in / was / know / bed / that)

    I didn't know that she was sick in bed.
     (3) あなたが日本で楽しくお過ごしになればいいと思います。

          (have / in / hope / you / Japan / I / time / will / good / a )

    I hope you will have a good time in Japan.
     (4) あした雨が降るのではないかと心配です。

          (rain / that / tomorrow / I'm / will / it / afraid )

    I'm afraid that it will rain tomorrow.
     (5) 今度の日曜日暖かければいいと思います。

          (hope / be / next Sunday / I / will / that / warm / it)

    I hope that it will be warm next Sunday.
     (6) 私はトムがパーティーに来るだろうとマイクに言いました。

          (Mike / to / that / I / the party / would / told / Tom / come )

    I told Mike that Tom would come to the party.

    80. いろいろな接続詞

    次の日本文を(  )内の接続詞を使って英語になおしなさい。

    この問題は実際に紙に書いて解いてみよう!

     (1) 私は疲れていたので早く家に帰った。  (so)
    I was tired, so I went home early.
     (2) あなたは犬とネコとではどちらのほうが好きですか。  (or)
    Which do you like better, dogs or cats?
     (3) 急ぎなさい,そうすれば学校に間に合うよ。  (and)    * ~に間に合う be in time for ~
    Hurry up, and you will be in time for school.
     (4) 私がけさ起きたとき,雨が降っていました。  (when)
    When I got up this morning, it was raining. [It was raining when I got up this morning.]
     (5) 私はとても忙しいので,あなたといっしょに行けません。  (because)
    Because I am very busy, I cannot go with you. [I cannot go with you because I am very busy.]
     (6) もしあした晴れたら,私たちは野球をするつもりです。  (if)
    If it is sunny[fine] tomorrow, we are going to play baseball. [We are going to play baseball if it is sunny [fine] tomorrow.]
     (7) 私は彼女が料理がうまいのを知っています。  (that)
    1 know that she cooks well. [I know that she is a good cook.]
     (8) 私はあなたのお母さんがきっとすぐに元気になると確信しています。  (that)
    I'm sure that your mother will get well soon.
     (9) あなたは彼らにその男性が医者だと言いましたか。  (that)
    Did you tell them that the man was a doctor?